Benchmark: parallel GPU mode, resilient inventory query, server model in results

- Add parallel GPU mode (checkbox, off by default): runs all selected GPUs
  simultaneously via a single bee-gpu-burn invocation instead of sequentially;
  per-GPU telemetry, throttle counters, TOPS, and scoring are preserved
- Make queryBenchmarkGPUInfo resilient: falls back to a base field set when
  extended fields (attribute.multiprocessor_count, power.default_limit) cause
  exit status 2, preventing lgc normalization from being silently skipped
- Log explicit "graphics clock lock skipped" note when inventory is unavailable
- Collect server model from DMI (/sys/class/dmi/id/product_name) and store in
  result JSON; benchmark history columns now show "Server Model (N× GPU Model)"
  grouped by server+GPU type rather than individual GPU index

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

audit/internal/platform/benchmark.go

@@ -27,14 +27,17 @@ type benchmarkProfileSpec struct {
 }
 
 type benchmarkGPUInfo struct {
-	Index               int
-	UUID                string
-	Name                string
-	BusID               string
-	VBIOS               string
-	PowerLimitW         float64
-	MaxGraphicsClockMHz float64
-	MaxMemoryClockMHz   float64
+	Index                int
+	UUID                 string
+	Name                 string
+	BusID                string
+	VBIOS                string
+	PowerLimitW          float64
+	DefaultPowerLimitW   float64
+	MaxGraphicsClockMHz  float64
+	MaxMemoryClockMHz    float64
+	BaseGraphicsClockMHz float64
+	MultiprocessorCount  int
 }
 
 type benchmarkBurnProfile struct {
@@ -102,7 +105,9 @@ func (s *System) RunNvidiaBenchmark(ctx context.Context, baseDir string, opts Nv
 		BenchmarkVersion:   benchmarkVersion,
 		GeneratedAt:        time.Now().UTC(),
 		Hostname:           hostname,
+		ServerModel:        readServerModel(),
 		BenchmarkProfile:   spec.Name,
+		ParallelGPUs:       opts.ParallelGPUs,
 		SelectedGPUIndices: append([]int(nil), selected...),
 		Normalization: BenchmarkNormalization{
 			Status: "full",
@@ -111,6 +116,11 @@ func (s *System) RunNvidiaBenchmark(ctx context.Context, baseDir string, opts Nv
 
 	logFunc(fmt.Sprintf("NVIDIA benchmark profile=%s gpus=%s", spec.Name, joinIndexList(selected)))
 
+	// Server power characterization state — populated during per-GPU phases.
+	var serverIdleW, serverLoadedWSum float64
+	var serverIdleOK, serverLoadedOK bool
+	var serverLoadedSamples int
+
 	infoByIndex, infoErr := queryBenchmarkGPUInfo(selected)
 	if infoErr != nil {
 		result.Warnings = append(result.Warnings, "gpu inventory query failed: "+infoErr.Error())
@@ -135,6 +145,10 @@ func (s *System) RunNvidiaBenchmark(ctx context.Context, baseDir string, opts Nv
 		}
 	}()
 
+	if opts.ParallelGPUs {
+		runNvidiaBenchmarkParallel(ctx, verboseLog, runDir, selected, infoByIndex, opts, spec, logFunc, &result, &serverIdleW, &serverLoadedWSum, &serverIdleOK, &serverLoadedOK, &serverLoadedSamples)
+	} else {
+
 	for _, idx := range selected {
 		gpuResult := BenchmarkGPUResult{
 			Index:  idx,
@@ -146,7 +160,10 @@ func (s *System) RunNvidiaBenchmark(ctx context.Context, baseDir string, opts Nv
 			gpuResult.BusID = info.BusID
 			gpuResult.VBIOS = info.VBIOS
 			gpuResult.PowerLimitW = info.PowerLimitW
+			gpuResult.MultiprocessorCount = info.MultiprocessorCount
+			gpuResult.DefaultPowerLimitW = info.DefaultPowerLimitW
 			gpuResult.MaxGraphicsClockMHz = info.MaxGraphicsClockMHz
+			gpuResult.BaseGraphicsClockMHz = info.BaseGraphicsClockMHz
 			gpuResult.MaxMemoryClockMHz = info.MaxMemoryClockMHz
 		}
 		if norm := findBenchmarkNormalization(result.Normalization.GPUs, idx); norm != nil {
@@ -161,6 +178,15 @@ func (s *System) RunNvidiaBenchmark(ctx context.Context, baseDir string, opts Nv
 		gpuResult.Baseline = summarizeBenchmarkTelemetry(baselineRows)
 		writeBenchmarkMetricsFiles(runDir, fmt.Sprintf("gpu-%d-baseline", idx), baselineRows)
 
+		// Sample server idle power once (first GPU only — server state is global).
+		if !serverIdleOK {
+			if w, ok := sampleIPMIPowerSeries(ctx, maxInt(spec.BaselineSec, 10)); ok {
+				serverIdleW = w
+				serverIdleOK = true
+				logFunc(fmt.Sprintf("server idle power (IPMI): %.0f W", w))
+			}
+		}
+
 		warmupCmd := []string{
 			"bee-gpu-burn",
 			"--seconds", strconv.Itoa(spec.WarmupSec),
@@ -184,7 +210,50 @@ func (s *System) RunNvidiaBenchmark(ctx context.Context, baseDir string, opts Nv
 			"--devices", strconv.Itoa(idx),
 		}
 		logFunc(fmt.Sprintf("GPU %d: steady compute (%ds)", idx, spec.SteadySec))
+
+		// Sample server power via IPMI in parallel with the steady phase.
+		// We collect readings every 5s and average them.
+		ipmiStopCh := make(chan struct{})
+		ipmiResultCh := make(chan float64, 1)
+		go func() {
+			defer close(ipmiResultCh)
+			var samples []float64
+			ticker := time.NewTicker(5 * time.Second)
+			defer ticker.Stop()
+			// First sample after a short warmup delay.
+			select {
+			case <-ipmiStopCh:
+				return
+			case <-time.After(15 * time.Second):
+			}
+			for {
+				if w, err := queryIPMIServerPowerW(); err == nil {
+					samples = append(samples, w)
+				}
+				select {
+				case <-ipmiStopCh:
+					if len(samples) > 0 {
+						var sum float64
+						for _, w := range samples {
+							sum += w
+						}
+						ipmiResultCh <- sum / float64(len(samples))
+					}
+					return
+				case <-ticker.C:
+				}
+			}
+		}()
+
 		steadyOut, steadyRows, steadyErr := runBenchmarkCommandWithMetrics(ctx, verboseLog, fmt.Sprintf("gpu-%d-steady.log", idx), steadyCmd, nil, []int{idx}, runDir, fmt.Sprintf("gpu-%d-steady", idx), logFunc)
+		close(ipmiStopCh)
+		if loadedW, ok := <-ipmiResultCh; ok {
+			serverLoadedWSum += loadedW
+			serverLoadedSamples++
+			serverLoadedOK = true
+			logFunc(fmt.Sprintf("GPU %d: server loaded power (IPMI): %.0f W", idx, loadedW))
+		}
+
 		_ = os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(runDir, fmt.Sprintf("gpu-%d-steady.log", idx)), steadyOut, 0644)
 		afterThrottle, _ := queryThrottleCounters(idx)
 		if steadyErr != nil {
@@ -222,6 +291,8 @@ func (s *System) RunNvidiaBenchmark(ctx context.Context, baseDir string, opts Nv
 		result.GPUs = append(result.GPUs, finalizeBenchmarkGPUResult(gpuResult))
 	}
 
+	} // end sequential path
+
 	if len(selected) > 1 && opts.RunNCCL {
 		result.Interconnect = runBenchmarkInterconnect(ctx, verboseLog, runDir, selected, spec, logFunc)
 		if result.Interconnect != nil && result.Interconnect.Supported {
@@ -232,6 +303,17 @@ func (s *System) RunNvidiaBenchmark(ctx context.Context, baseDir string, opts Nv
 		}
 	}
 
+	// Compute server power characterization from accumulated IPMI samples.
+	var gpuReportedSumW float64
+	for _, gpu := range result.GPUs {
+		gpuReportedSumW += gpu.Steady.AvgPowerW
+	}
+	var serverLoadedW float64
+	if serverLoadedSamples > 0 {
+		serverLoadedW = serverLoadedWSum / float64(serverLoadedSamples)
+	}
+	result.ServerPower = characterizeServerPower(serverIdleW, serverLoadedW, gpuReportedSumW, serverIdleOK && serverLoadedOK)
+
 	result.Findings = buildBenchmarkFindings(result)
 	result.OverallStatus = benchmarkOverallStatus(result)
 
@@ -288,50 +370,87 @@ func resolveBenchmarkProfile(profile string) benchmarkProfileSpec {
 	}
 }
 
-func queryBenchmarkGPUInfo(gpuIndices []int) (map[int]benchmarkGPUInfo, error) {
-	args := []string{
-		"--query-gpu=index,uuid,name,pci.bus_id,vbios_version,power.limit,clocks.max.graphics,clocks.max.memory",
-		"--format=csv,noheader,nounits",
-	}
-	if len(gpuIndices) > 0 {
-		args = append([]string{"--id=" + joinIndexList(gpuIndices)}, args...)
-	}
-	out, err := satExecCommand("nvidia-smi", args...).Output()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("nvidia-smi gpu info: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	r := csv.NewReader(strings.NewReader(string(out)))
-	r.TrimLeadingSpace = true
-	r.FieldsPerRecord = -1
-	rows, err := r.ReadAll()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("parse nvidia-smi gpu info: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	infoByIndex := make(map[int]benchmarkGPUInfo, len(rows))
-	for _, row := range rows {
-		if len(row) < 8 {
-			continue
-		}
-		idx, err := strconv.Atoi(strings.TrimSpace(row[0]))
-		if err != nil {
-			continue
-		}
-		infoByIndex[idx] = benchmarkGPUInfo{
-			Index:               idx,
-			UUID:                strings.TrimSpace(row[1]),
-			Name:                strings.TrimSpace(row[2]),
-			BusID:               strings.TrimSpace(row[3]),
-			VBIOS:               strings.TrimSpace(row[4]),
-			PowerLimitW:         parseBenchmarkFloat(row[5]),
-			MaxGraphicsClockMHz: parseBenchmarkFloat(row[6]),
-			MaxMemoryClockMHz:   parseBenchmarkFloat(row[7]),
-		}
-	}
-	return infoByIndex, nil
+// benchmarkGPUInfoQuery describes a nvidia-smi --query-gpu field set to try.
+// Fields are tried in order; the first successful query wins. Extended fields
+// (attribute.multiprocessor_count, power.default_limit) are not supported on
+// all driver versions, so we fall back to the base set if the full query fails.
+var benchmarkGPUInfoQueries = []struct {
+	fields   string
+	extended bool // whether this query includes optional extended fields
+}{
+	{
+		fields:   "index,uuid,name,pci.bus_id,vbios_version,power.limit,clocks.max.graphics,clocks.max.memory,clocks.base.graphics,attribute.multiprocessor_count,power.default_limit",
+		extended: true,
+	},
+	{
+		fields:   "index,uuid,name,pci.bus_id,vbios_version,power.limit,clocks.max.graphics,clocks.max.memory,clocks.base.graphics",
+		extended: false,
+	},
 }
 
+func queryBenchmarkGPUInfo(gpuIndices []int) (map[int]benchmarkGPUInfo, error) {
+	var lastErr error
+	for _, q := range benchmarkGPUInfoQueries {
+		args := []string{
+			"--query-gpu=" + q.fields,
+			"--format=csv,noheader,nounits",
+		}
+		if len(gpuIndices) > 0 {
+			args = append([]string{"--id=" + joinIndexList(gpuIndices)}, args...)
+		}
+		out, err := satExecCommand("nvidia-smi", args...).Output()
+		if err != nil {
+			lastErr = fmt.Errorf("nvidia-smi gpu info (%s): %w", q.fields[:min(len(q.fields), 40)], err)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		r := csv.NewReader(strings.NewReader(string(out)))
+		r.TrimLeadingSpace = true
+		r.FieldsPerRecord = -1
+		rows, err := r.ReadAll()
+		if err != nil {
+			lastErr = fmt.Errorf("parse nvidia-smi gpu info: %w", err)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		infoByIndex := make(map[int]benchmarkGPUInfo, len(rows))
+		for _, row := range rows {
+			if len(row) < 9 {
+				continue
+			}
+			idx, err := strconv.Atoi(strings.TrimSpace(row[0]))
+			if err != nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			info := benchmarkGPUInfo{
+				Index:               idx,
+				UUID:                strings.TrimSpace(row[1]),
+				Name:                strings.TrimSpace(row[2]),
+				BusID:               strings.TrimSpace(row[3]),
+				VBIOS:               strings.TrimSpace(row[4]),
+				PowerLimitW:         parseBenchmarkFloat(row[5]),
+				MaxGraphicsClockMHz: parseBenchmarkFloat(row[6]),
+				MaxMemoryClockMHz:   parseBenchmarkFloat(row[7]),
+			}
+			if len(row) >= 9 {
+				info.BaseGraphicsClockMHz = parseBenchmarkFloat(row[8])
+			}
+			if q.extended {
+				if len(row) >= 10 {
+					info.MultiprocessorCount = int(parseBenchmarkFloat(row[9]))
+				}
+				if len(row) >= 11 {
+					info.DefaultPowerLimitW = parseBenchmarkFloat(row[10])
+				}
+			}
+			infoByIndex[idx] = info
+		}
+		return infoByIndex, nil
+	}
+	return nil, lastErr
+}
+
+
 func applyBenchmarkNormalization(ctx context.Context, verboseLog string, gpuIndices []int, infoByIndex map[int]benchmarkGPUInfo, result *NvidiaBenchmarkResult) []benchmarkRestoreAction {
 	if os.Geteuid() != 0 {
 		result.Normalization.Status = "partial"
@@ -370,6 +489,10 @@ func applyBenchmarkNormalization(ctx context.Context, verboseLog string, gpuIndi
 					_, _ = runSATCommandCtx(context.Background(), verboseLog, fmt.Sprintf("restore-gpu-%d-rgc", idxCopy), []string{"nvidia-smi", "-i", strconv.Itoa(idxCopy), "-rgc"}, nil, nil)
 				}})
 			}
+		} else {
+			rec.GPUClockLockStatus = "skipped"
+			rec.Notes = append(rec.Notes, "graphics clock lock skipped: gpu inventory unavailable or MaxGraphicsClockMHz=0")
+			result.Normalization.Status = "partial"
 		}
 
 		if info, ok := infoByIndex[idx]; ok && info.MaxMemoryClockMHz > 0 {
@@ -551,6 +674,8 @@ func ensureBenchmarkProfile(profiles map[string]*benchmarkBurnProfile, name stri
 	}
 	category := "other"
 	switch {
+	case strings.HasPrefix(name, "fp64"):
+		category = "fp64"
 	case strings.HasPrefix(name, "fp32"):
 		category = "fp32_tf32"
 	case strings.HasPrefix(name, "fp16"):
@@ -619,14 +744,23 @@ func scoreBenchmarkGPUResult(gpu BenchmarkGPUResult) BenchmarkScorecard {
 			score.ComputeScore += precision.TeraOpsPerSec
 		}
 	}
-	if gpu.PowerLimitW > 0 {
-		score.PowerSustainScore = math.Min(100, (gpu.Steady.AvgPowerW/gpu.PowerLimitW)*100)
+	// Use default power limit for sustain score so a manually reduced limit
+	// does not inflate the score. Fall back to enforced limit if default unknown.
+	referencePowerW := gpu.DefaultPowerLimitW
+	if referencePowerW <= 0 {
+		referencePowerW = gpu.PowerLimitW
+	}
+	if referencePowerW > 0 {
+		score.PowerSustainScore = math.Min(100, (gpu.Steady.AvgPowerW/referencePowerW)*100)
 	}
 	runtimeUS := math.Max(1, gpu.Steady.DurationSec*1e6)
 	thermalRatio := float64(gpu.Throttle.HWThermalSlowdownUS+gpu.Throttle.SWThermalSlowdownUS) / runtimeUS
 	score.ThermalSustainScore = clampScore(100 - thermalRatio*100)
 	score.StabilityScore = clampScore(100 - (gpu.Steady.ClockCVPct*4 + gpu.Steady.PowerCVPct*2 + gpu.Steady.ClockDriftPct*2))
 	score.CompositeScore = compositeBenchmarkScore(score)
+	if gpu.MultiprocessorCount > 0 && gpu.Steady.AvgGraphicsClockMHz > 0 && score.ComputeScore > 0 {
+		score.TOPSPerSMPerGHz = score.ComputeScore / float64(gpu.MultiprocessorCount) / (gpu.Steady.AvgGraphicsClockMHz / 1000.0)
+	}
 	return score
 }
 
@@ -798,10 +932,30 @@ func finalizeBenchmarkGPUResult(gpu BenchmarkGPUResult) BenchmarkGPUResult {
 
 func buildBenchmarkFindings(result NvidiaBenchmarkResult) []string {
 	var findings []string
+
+	passed := 0
+	for _, gpu := range result.GPUs {
+		if gpu.Status == "OK" {
+			passed++
+		}
+	}
+	total := len(result.GPUs)
+	if total > 0 {
+		if passed == total {
+			findings = append(findings, fmt.Sprintf("All %d GPU(s) passed the benchmark.", total))
+		} else {
+			findings = append(findings, fmt.Sprintf("%d of %d GPU(s) passed the benchmark.", passed, total))
+		}
+	}
+
 	if result.Normalization.Status != "full" {
 		findings = append(findings, "Environment normalization was partial; compare results with caution.")
 	}
 	for _, gpu := range result.GPUs {
+		if gpu.Status == "FAILED" && len(gpu.DegradationReasons) == 0 {
+			findings = append(findings, fmt.Sprintf("GPU %d failed the benchmark (check verbose.log for details).", gpu.Index))
+			continue
+		}
 		if len(gpu.DegradationReasons) == 0 && gpu.Status == "OK" {
 			findings = append(findings, fmt.Sprintf("GPU %d held clocks without observable throttle counters during steady state.", gpu.Index))
 			continue
@@ -825,10 +979,24 @@ func buildBenchmarkFindings(result NvidiaBenchmarkResult) []string {
 		if gpu.Backend == "driver-ptx" {
 			findings = append(findings, fmt.Sprintf("GPU %d used driver PTX fallback; tensor score is intentionally degraded.", gpu.Index))
 		}
+		if gpu.DefaultPowerLimitW > 0 && gpu.PowerLimitW > 0 && gpu.PowerLimitW < gpu.DefaultPowerLimitW*0.95 {
+			findings = append(findings, fmt.Sprintf(
+				"GPU %d power limit %.0f W is below default %.0f W (%.0f%%). Performance may be artificially reduced.",
+				gpu.Index, gpu.PowerLimitW, gpu.DefaultPowerLimitW, gpu.PowerLimitW/gpu.DefaultPowerLimitW*100,
+			))
+		}
 	}
 	if result.Interconnect != nil && result.Interconnect.Supported {
 		findings = append(findings, fmt.Sprintf("Multi-GPU all_reduce max bus bandwidth: %.1f GB/s.", result.Interconnect.MaxBusBWGBps))
 	}
+	if sp := result.ServerPower; sp != nil && sp.Available && sp.GPUReportedSumW > 0 {
+		if sp.ReportingRatio < 0.75 {
+			findings = append(findings, fmt.Sprintf(
+				"GPU power reporting may be unreliable: server delta %.0f W vs GPU-reported %.0f W (ratio %.2f). GPU telemetry likely over-reports actual consumption.",
+				sp.DeltaW, sp.GPUReportedSumW, sp.ReportingRatio,
+			))
+		}
+	}
 	return dedupeStrings(findings)
 }
 
@@ -1007,3 +1175,319 @@ func maxInt(a, b int) int {
 	}
 	return b
 }
+
+// queryIPMIServerPowerW reads the current server power draw via ipmitool dcmi.
+// Returns 0 and an error if IPMI is unavailable or the output cannot be parsed.
+func queryIPMIServerPowerW() (float64, error) {
+	out, err := satExecCommand("ipmitool", "dcmi", "power", "reading").Output()
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("ipmitool dcmi power reading: %w", err)
+	}
+	for _, line := range strings.Split(string(out), "\n") {
+		if strings.Contains(line, "Current Power") {
+			parts := strings.SplitN(line, ":", 2)
+			if len(parts) == 2 {
+				val := strings.TrimSpace(strings.TrimSuffix(strings.TrimSpace(parts[1]), "Watts"))
+				val = strings.TrimSpace(val)
+				w, err := strconv.ParseFloat(val, 64)
+				if err == nil && w > 0 {
+					return w, nil
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return 0, fmt.Errorf("could not parse ipmitool dcmi power reading output")
+}
+
+// sampleIPMIPowerSeries collects IPMI power readings every 2 seconds for
+// durationSec seconds. Returns the mean of all successful samples.
+// Returns 0, false if IPMI is unavailable.
+func sampleIPMIPowerSeries(ctx context.Context, durationSec int) (meanW float64, ok bool) {
+	if durationSec <= 0 {
+		return 0, false
+	}
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(time.Duration(durationSec) * time.Second)
+	var samples []float64
+	for {
+		if w, err := queryIPMIServerPowerW(); err == nil {
+			samples = append(samples, w)
+		}
+		if time.Now().After(deadline) {
+			break
+		}
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			break
+		case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		}
+	}
+	if len(samples) == 0 {
+		return 0, false
+	}
+	var sum float64
+	for _, w := range samples {
+		sum += w
+	}
+	return sum / float64(len(samples)), true
+}
+
+// characterizeServerPower computes BenchmarkServerPower from idle and loaded
+// IPMI samples plus the GPU-reported average power during steady state.
+func characterizeServerPower(idleW, loadedW, gpuReportedSumW float64, ipmiAvailable bool) *BenchmarkServerPower {
+	sp := &BenchmarkServerPower{Available: ipmiAvailable}
+	if !ipmiAvailable {
+		sp.Notes = append(sp.Notes, "IPMI power reading unavailable; server-side power characterization skipped")
+		return sp
+	}
+	sp.IdleW = idleW
+	sp.LoadedW = loadedW
+	sp.DeltaW = loadedW - idleW
+	sp.GPUReportedSumW = gpuReportedSumW
+	if gpuReportedSumW > 0 && sp.DeltaW > 0 {
+		sp.ReportingRatio = sp.DeltaW / gpuReportedSumW
+	}
+	return sp
+}
+
+// readServerModel returns the DMI system product name (e.g. "SuperMicro SYS-421GE-TNRT").
+// Returns empty string if unavailable (non-Linux or missing DMI entry).
+func readServerModel() string {
+	data, err := os.ReadFile("/sys/class/dmi/id/product_name")
+	if err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return strings.TrimSpace(string(data))
+}
+
+// filterRowsByGPU returns only the metric rows for a specific GPU index.
+func filterRowsByGPU(rows []GPUMetricRow, gpuIndex int) []GPUMetricRow {
+	var out []GPUMetricRow
+	for _, r := range rows {
+		if r.GPUIndex == gpuIndex {
+			out = append(out, r)
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// parseBenchmarkBurnLogByGPU splits a multi-GPU bee-gpu-burn output by [gpu N] prefix
+// and returns a per-GPU parse result map.
+func parseBenchmarkBurnLogByGPU(raw string) map[int]benchmarkBurnParseResult {
+	gpuLines := make(map[int][]string)
+	for _, line := range strings.Split(strings.ReplaceAll(raw, "\r\n", "\n"), "\n") {
+		line = strings.TrimSpace(line)
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(line, "[gpu ") {
+			continue
+		}
+		end := strings.Index(line, "] ")
+		if end < 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		gpuIdx, err := strconv.Atoi(strings.TrimSpace(line[5:end]))
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		gpuLines[gpuIdx] = append(gpuLines[gpuIdx], line[end+2:])
+	}
+	results := make(map[int]benchmarkBurnParseResult, len(gpuLines))
+	for gpuIdx, lines := range gpuLines {
+		// Lines are already stripped of the [gpu N] prefix; parseBenchmarkBurnLog
+		// calls stripBenchmarkPrefix which is a no-op on already-stripped lines.
+		results[gpuIdx] = parseBenchmarkBurnLog(strings.Join(lines, "\n"))
+	}
+	return results
+}
+
+// runNvidiaBenchmarkParallel runs warmup and steady compute on all selected GPUs
+// simultaneously using a single bee-gpu-burn invocation per phase.
+func runNvidiaBenchmarkParallel(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	verboseLog, runDir string,
+	selected []int,
+	infoByIndex map[int]benchmarkGPUInfo,
+	opts NvidiaBenchmarkOptions,
+	spec benchmarkProfileSpec,
+	logFunc func(string),
+	result *NvidiaBenchmarkResult,
+	serverIdleW *float64, serverLoadedWSum *float64,
+	serverIdleOK *bool, serverLoadedOK *bool, serverLoadedSamples *int,
+) {
+	allDevices := joinIndexList(selected)
+
+	// Build per-GPU result stubs.
+	gpuResults := make(map[int]*BenchmarkGPUResult, len(selected))
+	for _, idx := range selected {
+		r := &BenchmarkGPUResult{Index: idx, Status: "FAILED"}
+		if info, ok := infoByIndex[idx]; ok {
+			r.UUID = info.UUID
+			r.Name = info.Name
+			r.BusID = info.BusID
+			r.VBIOS = info.VBIOS
+			r.PowerLimitW = info.PowerLimitW
+			r.MultiprocessorCount = info.MultiprocessorCount
+			r.DefaultPowerLimitW = info.DefaultPowerLimitW
+			r.MaxGraphicsClockMHz = info.MaxGraphicsClockMHz
+			r.BaseGraphicsClockMHz = info.BaseGraphicsClockMHz
+			r.MaxMemoryClockMHz = info.MaxMemoryClockMHz
+		}
+		if norm := findBenchmarkNormalization(result.Normalization.GPUs, idx); norm != nil {
+			r.LockedGraphicsClockMHz = norm.GPUClockLockMHz
+			r.LockedMemoryClockMHz = norm.MemoryClockLockMHz
+		}
+		gpuResults[idx] = r
+	}
+
+	// Baseline: sample all GPUs together.
+	baselineRows, err := collectBenchmarkSamples(ctx, spec.BaselineSec, selected)
+	if err != nil && err != context.Canceled {
+		for _, idx := range selected {
+			gpuResults[idx].Notes = append(gpuResults[idx].Notes, "baseline sampling failed: "+err.Error())
+		}
+	}
+	for _, idx := range selected {
+		perGPU := filterRowsByGPU(baselineRows, idx)
+		gpuResults[idx].Baseline = summarizeBenchmarkTelemetry(perGPU)
+		writeBenchmarkMetricsFiles(runDir, fmt.Sprintf("gpu-%d-baseline", idx), perGPU)
+	}
+
+	// Sample server idle power once.
+	if !*serverIdleOK {
+		if w, ok := sampleIPMIPowerSeries(ctx, maxInt(spec.BaselineSec, 10)); ok {
+			*serverIdleW = w
+			*serverIdleOK = true
+			logFunc(fmt.Sprintf("server idle power (IPMI): %.0f W", w))
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Warmup: all GPUs simultaneously.
+	warmupCmd := []string{
+		"bee-gpu-burn",
+		"--seconds", strconv.Itoa(spec.WarmupSec),
+		"--size-mb", strconv.Itoa(opts.SizeMB),
+		"--devices", allDevices,
+	}
+	logFunc(fmt.Sprintf("GPUs %s: parallel warmup (%ds)", allDevices, spec.WarmupSec))
+	warmupOut, warmupRows, warmupErr := runBenchmarkCommandWithMetrics(ctx, verboseLog, "gpu-all-warmup.log", warmupCmd, nil, selected, runDir, "gpu-all-warmup", logFunc)
+	_ = os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(runDir, "gpu-all-warmup.log"), warmupOut, 0644)
+	for _, idx := range selected {
+		writeBenchmarkMetricsFiles(runDir, fmt.Sprintf("gpu-%d-warmup", idx), filterRowsByGPU(warmupRows, idx))
+	}
+	if warmupErr != nil {
+		for _, idx := range selected {
+			gpuResults[idx].Notes = append(gpuResults[idx].Notes, "parallel warmup failed: "+warmupErr.Error())
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Snapshot throttle counters before steady.
+	beforeThrottle := make(map[int]BenchmarkThrottleCounters, len(selected))
+	for _, idx := range selected {
+		beforeThrottle[idx], _ = queryThrottleCounters(idx)
+	}
+
+	// Steady: all GPUs simultaneously.
+	steadyCmd := []string{
+		"bee-gpu-burn",
+		"--seconds", strconv.Itoa(spec.SteadySec),
+		"--size-mb", strconv.Itoa(opts.SizeMB),
+		"--devices", allDevices,
+	}
+	logFunc(fmt.Sprintf("GPUs %s: parallel steady compute (%ds)", allDevices, spec.SteadySec))
+
+	// Sample server power via IPMI in parallel with steady phase.
+	ipmiStopCh := make(chan struct{})
+	ipmiResultCh := make(chan float64, 1)
+	go func() {
+		defer close(ipmiResultCh)
+		var samples []float64
+		ticker := time.NewTicker(5 * time.Second)
+		defer ticker.Stop()
+		select {
+		case <-ipmiStopCh:
+			return
+		case <-time.After(15 * time.Second):
+		}
+		for {
+			if w, err := queryIPMIServerPowerW(); err == nil {
+				samples = append(samples, w)
+			}
+			select {
+			case <-ipmiStopCh:
+				if len(samples) > 0 {
+					var sum float64
+					for _, w := range samples {
+						sum += w
+					}
+					ipmiResultCh <- sum / float64(len(samples))
+				}
+				return
+			case <-ticker.C:
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+
+	steadyOut, steadyRows, steadyErr := runBenchmarkCommandWithMetrics(ctx, verboseLog, "gpu-all-steady.log", steadyCmd, nil, selected, runDir, "gpu-all-steady", logFunc)
+	close(ipmiStopCh)
+	if loadedW, ok := <-ipmiResultCh; ok {
+		*serverLoadedWSum += loadedW
+		(*serverLoadedSamples)++
+		*serverLoadedOK = true
+		logFunc(fmt.Sprintf("GPUs %s: server loaded power (IPMI): %.0f W", allDevices, loadedW))
+	}
+	_ = os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(runDir, "gpu-all-steady.log"), steadyOut, 0644)
+
+	afterThrottle := make(map[int]BenchmarkThrottleCounters, len(selected))
+	for _, idx := range selected {
+		afterThrottle[idx], _ = queryThrottleCounters(idx)
+	}
+
+	parseResults := parseBenchmarkBurnLogByGPU(string(steadyOut))
+
+	for _, idx := range selected {
+		perGPU := filterRowsByGPU(steadyRows, idx)
+		writeBenchmarkMetricsFiles(runDir, fmt.Sprintf("gpu-%d-steady", idx), perGPU)
+		gpuResults[idx].Steady = summarizeBenchmarkTelemetry(perGPU)
+		gpuResults[idx].Throttle = diffThrottleCounters(beforeThrottle[idx], afterThrottle[idx])
+
+		if pr, ok := parseResults[idx]; ok {
+			gpuResults[idx].ComputeCapability = pr.ComputeCapability
+			gpuResults[idx].Backend = pr.Backend
+			gpuResults[idx].PrecisionResults = pr.Profiles
+			if pr.Fallback {
+				gpuResults[idx].Notes = append(gpuResults[idx].Notes, "benchmark used driver PTX fallback; tensor throughput score is not comparable")
+			}
+		}
+		if steadyErr != nil {
+			gpuResults[idx].Notes = append(gpuResults[idx].Notes, "parallel steady compute failed: "+steadyErr.Error())
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Cooldown: all GPUs together.
+	cooldownRows, err := collectBenchmarkSamples(ctx, spec.CooldownSec, selected)
+	if err != nil && err != context.Canceled {
+		for _, idx := range selected {
+			gpuResults[idx].Notes = append(gpuResults[idx].Notes, "cooldown sampling failed: "+err.Error())
+		}
+	}
+	for _, idx := range selected {
+		perGPU := filterRowsByGPU(cooldownRows, idx)
+		gpuResults[idx].Cooldown = summarizeBenchmarkTelemetry(perGPU)
+		writeBenchmarkMetricsFiles(runDir, fmt.Sprintf("gpu-%d-cooldown", idx), perGPU)
+	}
+
+	// Score and finalize each GPU.
+	for _, idx := range selected {
+		r := gpuResults[idx]
+		r.Scores = scoreBenchmarkGPUResult(*r)
+		r.DegradationReasons = detectBenchmarkDegradationReasons(*r, result.Normalization.Status)
+		pr := parseResults[idx]
+		switch {
+		case steadyErr != nil:
+			r.Status = classifySATErrorStatus(steadyOut, steadyErr)
+		case pr.Fallback:
+			r.Status = "PARTIAL"
+		default:
+			r.Status = "OK"
+		}
+		result.GPUs = append(result.GPUs, finalizeBenchmarkGPUResult(*r))
+	}
+}

audit/internal/platform/benchmark_report.go

@@ -56,6 +56,9 @@ func renderBenchmarkReportWithCharts(result NvidiaBenchmarkResult, charts []benc
 		fmt.Fprintf(&b, "  Status: %s\n", gpu.Status)
 		fmt.Fprintf(&b, "  Composite score: %.2f\n", gpu.Scores.CompositeScore)
 		fmt.Fprintf(&b, "  Compute score: %.2f\n", gpu.Scores.ComputeScore)
+		if gpu.Scores.TOPSPerSMPerGHz > 0 {
+			fmt.Fprintf(&b, "  Compute efficiency: %.3f TOPS/SM/GHz\n", gpu.Scores.TOPSPerSMPerGHz)
+		}
 		fmt.Fprintf(&b, "  Power sustain: %.1f\n", gpu.Scores.PowerSustainScore)
 		fmt.Fprintf(&b, "  Thermal sustain: %.1f\n", gpu.Scores.ThermalSustainScore)
 		fmt.Fprintf(&b, "  Stability: %.1f\n", gpu.Scores.StabilityScore)
@@ -77,13 +80,7 @@ func renderBenchmarkReportWithCharts(result NvidiaBenchmarkResult, charts []benc
 				}
 			}
 		}
-		fmt.Fprintf(&b, "  Throttle counters (us): sw_power=%d sw_thermal=%d sync_boost=%d hw_thermal=%d hw_power_brake=%d\n",
-			gpu.Throttle.SWPowerCapUS,
-			gpu.Throttle.SWThermalSlowdownUS,
-			gpu.Throttle.SyncBoostUS,
-			gpu.Throttle.HWThermalSlowdownUS,
-			gpu.Throttle.HWPowerBrakeSlowdownUS,
-		)
+		fmt.Fprintf(&b, "  Throttle: %s\n", formatThrottleLine(gpu.Throttle, gpu.Steady.DurationSec))
 		if len(gpu.Notes) > 0 {
 			fmt.Fprintf(&b, "  Notes:\n")
 			for _, note := range gpu.Notes {
@@ -121,6 +118,26 @@ func renderBenchmarkReportWithCharts(result NvidiaBenchmarkResult, charts []benc
 		}
 	}
 
+	if sp := result.ServerPower; sp != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintf(&b, "Server Power (IPMI)\n")
+		fmt.Fprintf(&b, "-------------------\n")
+		if !sp.Available {
+			fmt.Fprintf(&b, "Unavailable\n")
+		} else {
+			fmt.Fprintf(&b, "  Server idle:         %.0f W\n", sp.IdleW)
+			fmt.Fprintf(&b, "  Server under load:   %.0f W\n", sp.LoadedW)
+			fmt.Fprintf(&b, "  Server delta:        %.0f W\n", sp.DeltaW)
+			fmt.Fprintf(&b, "  GPU reported (sum):  %.0f W\n", sp.GPUReportedSumW)
+			if sp.ReportingRatio > 0 {
+				fmt.Fprintf(&b, "  Reporting ratio:     %.2f  (1.0 = accurate, <0.75 = GPU over-reports)\n", sp.ReportingRatio)
+			}
+		}
+		for _, note := range sp.Notes {
+			fmt.Fprintf(&b, "  Note: %s\n", note)
+		}
+		b.WriteString("\n")
+	}
+
 	fmt.Fprintf(&b, "Methodology\n")
 	fmt.Fprintf(&b, "-----------\n")
 	fmt.Fprintf(&b, "- Profile %s uses standardized baseline, warmup, steady-state, interconnect, and cooldown phases.\n", result.BenchmarkProfile)
@@ -175,6 +192,42 @@ func stripANSIEscapeSequences(raw string) string {
 	return ansiEscapePattern.ReplaceAllString(raw, "")
 }
 
+// formatThrottleLine renders throttle counters as human-readable percentages of
+// the steady-state window.  Only non-zero counters are shown.  When the steady
+// duration is unknown (0), raw seconds are shown instead.
+func formatThrottleLine(t BenchmarkThrottleCounters, steadyDurationSec float64) string {
+	type counter struct {
+		label string
+		us    uint64
+	}
+	counters := []counter{
+		{"sw_power", t.SWPowerCapUS},
+		{"sw_thermal", t.SWThermalSlowdownUS},
+		{"sync_boost", t.SyncBoostUS},
+		{"hw_thermal", t.HWThermalSlowdownUS},
+		{"hw_power_brake", t.HWPowerBrakeSlowdownUS},
+	}
+	var parts []string
+	for _, c := range counters {
+		if c.us == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		sec := float64(c.us) / 1e6
+		if steadyDurationSec > 0 {
+			pct := sec / steadyDurationSec * 100
+			parts = append(parts, fmt.Sprintf("%s=%.1f%% (%.0fs)", c.label, pct, sec))
+		} else if sec < 1 {
+			parts = append(parts, fmt.Sprintf("%s=%.0fms", c.label, sec*1000))
+		} else {
+			parts = append(parts, fmt.Sprintf("%s=%.1fs", c.label, sec))
+		}
+	}
+	if len(parts) == 0 {
+		return "none"
+	}
+	return strings.Join(parts, "  ")
+}
+
 func renderBenchmarkSummary(result NvidiaBenchmarkResult) string {
 	var b strings.Builder
 	fmt.Fprintf(&b, "run_at_utc=%s\n", result.GeneratedAt.Format(time.RFC3339))

audit/internal/platform/benchmark_types.go

@@ -14,13 +14,17 @@ type NvidiaBenchmarkOptions struct {
 	GPUIndices        []int
 	ExcludeGPUIndices []int
 	RunNCCL           bool
+	ParallelGPUs      bool // run all selected GPUs simultaneously instead of sequentially
 }
 
+
 type NvidiaBenchmarkResult struct {
 	BenchmarkVersion   string                       `json:"benchmark_version"`
 	GeneratedAt        time.Time                    `json:"generated_at"`
 	Hostname           string                       `json:"hostname,omitempty"`
+	ServerModel        string                       `json:"server_model,omitempty"`
 	BenchmarkProfile   string                       `json:"benchmark_profile"`
+	ParallelGPUs       bool                         `json:"parallel_gpus,omitempty"`
 	OverallStatus      string                       `json:"overall_status"`
 	SelectedGPUIndices []int                        `json:"selected_gpu_indices"`
 	Findings           []string                     `json:"findings,omitempty"`
@@ -28,6 +32,7 @@ type NvidiaBenchmarkResult struct {
 	Normalization      BenchmarkNormalization       `json:"normalization"`
 	GPUs               []BenchmarkGPUResult         `json:"gpus"`
 	Interconnect       *BenchmarkInterconnectResult `json:"interconnect,omitempty"`
+	ServerPower        *BenchmarkServerPower        `json:"server_power,omitempty"`
 }
 
 type BenchmarkNormalization struct {
@@ -56,7 +61,10 @@ type BenchmarkGPUResult struct {
 	Backend                string                     `json:"backend,omitempty"`
 	Status                 string                     `json:"status"`
 	PowerLimitW            float64                    `json:"power_limit_w,omitempty"`
+	MultiprocessorCount    int                        `json:"multiprocessor_count,omitempty"`
+	DefaultPowerLimitW     float64                    `json:"default_power_limit_w,omitempty"`
 	MaxGraphicsClockMHz    float64                    `json:"max_graphics_clock_mhz,omitempty"`
+	BaseGraphicsClockMHz   float64                    `json:"base_graphics_clock_mhz,omitempty"`
 	MaxMemoryClockMHz      float64                    `json:"max_memory_clock_mhz,omitempty"`
 	LockedGraphicsClockMHz float64                    `json:"locked_graphics_clock_mhz,omitempty"`
 	LockedMemoryClockMHz   float64                    `json:"locked_memory_clock_mhz,omitempty"`
@@ -117,6 +125,24 @@ type BenchmarkScorecard struct {
 	StabilityScore      float64 `json:"stability_score"`
 	InterconnectScore   float64 `json:"interconnect_score"`
 	CompositeScore      float64 `json:"composite_score"`
+	// TOPSPerSMPerGHz is compute efficiency independent of clock speed and SM count.
+	// Comparable across throttle levels and GPU generations. Low value at normal
+	// clocks indicates silicon degradation.
+	TOPSPerSMPerGHz float64 `json:"tops_per_sm_per_ghz,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// BenchmarkServerPower captures server-side power via IPMI alongside GPU-reported
+// power. The reporting_ratio (delta / gpu_reported_sum) near 1.0 means GPU power
+// telemetry is accurate; a ratio well below 1.0 (e.g. 0.5) means the GPU is
+// over-reporting its power consumption.
+type BenchmarkServerPower struct {
+	Available       bool     `json:"available"`
+	IdleW           float64  `json:"idle_w,omitempty"`
+	LoadedW         float64  `json:"loaded_w,omitempty"`
+	DeltaW          float64  `json:"delta_w,omitempty"`
+	GPUReportedSumW float64  `json:"gpu_reported_sum_w,omitempty"`
+	ReportingRatio  float64  `json:"reporting_ratio,omitempty"`
+	Notes           []string `json:"notes,omitempty"`
 }
 
 type BenchmarkInterconnectResult struct {

audit/internal/webui/api.go

@@ -470,6 +470,7 @@ func (h *handler) handleAPIBenchmarkNvidiaRun(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Req
 		GPUIndices        []int  `json:"gpu_indices"`
 		ExcludeGPUIndices []int  `json:"exclude_gpu_indices"`
 		RunNCCL           *bool  `json:"run_nccl"`
+		ParallelGPUs      *bool  `json:"parallel_gpus"`
 		DisplayName       string `json:"display_name"`
 	}
 	if r.Body != nil {
@@ -483,6 +484,10 @@ func (h *handler) handleAPIBenchmarkNvidiaRun(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Req
 	if body.RunNCCL != nil {
 		runNCCL = *body.RunNCCL
 	}
+	parallelGPUs := false
+	if body.ParallelGPUs != nil {
+		parallelGPUs = *body.ParallelGPUs
+	}
 	name := taskDisplayName("nvidia-benchmark", "", "")
 	if strings.TrimSpace(body.DisplayName) != "" {
 		name = body.DisplayName
@@ -493,6 +498,7 @@ func (h *handler) handleAPIBenchmarkNvidiaRun(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Req
 		SizeMB:            body.SizeMB,
 		BenchmarkProfile:  body.Profile,
 		RunNCCL:           runNCCL,
+		ParallelGPUs:      parallelGPUs,
 		DisplayName:       body.DisplayName,
 	}, name, h.opts.App, "benchmark-nvidia")
 	if err != nil {

audit/internal/webui/pages.go

@@ -1070,14 +1070,24 @@ func renderValidate(opts HandlerOptions) string {
 		)) +
 		`</div>
 <div style="height:1px;background:var(--border);margin:16px 0"></div>
+<div class="card" style="margin-bottom:16px">
+  <div class="card-head">NVIDIA GPU Selection</div>
+  <div class="card-body">
+    <p style="font-size:12px;color:var(--muted);margin:0 0 8px">` + inv.NVIDIA + `</p>
+    <p style="font-size:12px;color:var(--muted);margin:0 0 10px">All NVIDIA validate tasks use only the GPUs selected here. The same selection is used by Validate one by one.</p>
+    <div style="display:flex;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-bottom:8px">
+      <button class="btn btn-sm btn-secondary" type="button" onclick="satSelectAllGPUs()">Select All</button>
+      <button class="btn btn-sm btn-secondary" type="button" onclick="satSelectNoGPUs()">Clear</button>
+    </div>
+    <div id="sat-gpu-list" style="border:1px solid var(--border);border-radius:4px;padding:12px;min-height:88px">
+      <p style="color:var(--muted);font-size:13px">Loading NVIDIA GPUs...</p>
+    </div>
+    <p id="sat-gpu-selection-note" style="font-size:12px;color:var(--muted);margin:10px 0 0">Select at least one NVIDIA GPU to enable NVIDIA validate tasks.</p>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
 <div class="grid3">
-` + renderSATCard("nvidia-selection", "NVIDIA GPU Selection", "", "", renderValidateCardBody(
-		inv.NVIDIA,
-		`Select which NVIDIA GPUs to include in Validate. The same selection is used by both NVIDIA GPU cards below and by Validate one by one.`,
-		`<code>nvidia-smi --query-gpu=index,name,memory.total</code>`,
-		`<div id="sat-gpu-list"><p style="color:var(--muted);font-size:13px">Loading NVIDIA GPUs…</p></div><div style="display:flex;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:8px"><button type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-secondary" onclick="satSelectAllGPUs()">Select all</button><button type="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-secondary" onclick="satSelectNoGPUs()">Clear</button></div><div id="sat-gpu-selection-note" style="font-size:12px;color:var(--muted);margin-top:8px"></div>`,
-	)) +
-		renderSATCard("nvidia", "NVIDIA GPU", "runNvidiaValidateSet('nvidia')", "", renderValidateCardBody(
+` + renderSATCard("nvidia", "NVIDIA GPU", "runNvidiaValidateSet('nvidia')", "", renderValidateCardBody(
 			inv.NVIDIA,
 			`Runs NVIDIA diagnostics and board inventory checks.`,
 			`<code>nvidia-smi</code>, <code>dmidecode</code>, <code>dcgmi diag</code>`,
@@ -1615,6 +1625,10 @@ func renderBenchmark(opts HandlerOptions) string {
           <p style="color:var(--muted);font-size:13px">Loading NVIDIA GPUs...</p>
         </div>
       </div>
+      <label class="benchmark-cb-row">
+        <input type="checkbox" id="benchmark-parallel-gpus">
+        <span>Run all selected GPUs simultaneously (parallel mode)</span>
+      </label>
       <label class="benchmark-cb-row">
         <input type="checkbox" id="benchmark-run-nccl" checked>
         <span>Run multi-GPU interconnect step (NCCL) only on the selected GPUs</span>
@@ -1740,10 +1754,12 @@ function runNvidiaBenchmark() {
     return;
   }
   if (benchmarkES) { benchmarkES.close(); benchmarkES = null; }
+  const parallelGPUs = !!document.getElementById('benchmark-parallel-gpus').checked;
   const body = {
     profile: document.getElementById('benchmark-profile').value || 'standard',
     gpu_indices: selected,
     run_nccl: !!document.getElementById('benchmark-run-nccl').checked,
+    parallel_gpus: parallelGPUs,
     display_name: 'NVIDIA Benchmark'
   };
   document.getElementById('benchmark-output').style.display = 'block';
@@ -1877,19 +1893,31 @@ func loadBenchmarkHistoryFromPaths(paths []string) ([]benchmarkHistoryColumn, []
 			displayTime: result.GeneratedAt.Local().Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05"),
 			cells:       make(map[string]benchmarkHistoryCell),
 		}
+
+		// Count how many GPUs of each model appear in this run (for the label).
+		gpuModelCount := make(map[string]int)
 		for _, gpu := range result.GPUs {
-			key := benchmarkHistoryColumnKey(gpu.Name, gpu.Index)
+			gpuModelCount[strings.TrimSpace(gpu.Name)]++
+		}
+
+		// Track best composite score per column key within this run.
+		runBest := make(map[string]float64)
+		for _, gpu := range result.GPUs {
+			key := benchmarkHistoryColumnKey(result.ServerModel, gpu.Name)
+			count := gpuModelCount[strings.TrimSpace(gpu.Name)]
 			columnByKey[key] = benchmarkHistoryColumn{
 				key:   key,
-				label: benchmarkHistoryColumnLabel(gpu.Name, gpu.Index),
+				label: benchmarkHistoryColumnLabel(result.ServerModel, gpu.Name, count),
 				name:  strings.TrimSpace(gpu.Name),
 				index: gpu.Index,
 			}
-			run.cells[key] = benchmarkHistoryCell{
-				score:   gpu.Scores.CompositeScore,
-				present: true,
+			if gpu.Scores.CompositeScore > runBest[key] {
+				runBest[key] = gpu.Scores.CompositeScore
 			}
 		}
+		for key, score := range runBest {
+			run.cells[key] = benchmarkHistoryCell{score: score, present: true}
+		}
 		runs = append(runs, run)
 	}
 
@@ -1898,13 +1926,10 @@ func loadBenchmarkHistoryFromPaths(paths []string) ([]benchmarkHistoryColumn, []
 		columns = append(columns, col)
 	}
 	sort.Slice(columns, func(i, j int) bool {
-		leftName := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(columns[i].name))
-		rightName := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(columns[j].name))
-		if leftName != rightName {
-			return leftName < rightName
-		}
-		if columns[i].index != columns[j].index {
-			return columns[i].index < columns[j].index
+		li := strings.ToLower(columns[i].label)
+		lj := strings.ToLower(columns[j].label)
+		if li != lj {
+			return li < lj
 		}
 		return columns[i].key < columns[j].key
 	})
@@ -1914,16 +1939,25 @@ func loadBenchmarkHistoryFromPaths(paths []string) ([]benchmarkHistoryColumn, []
 	return columns, runs
 }
 
-func benchmarkHistoryColumnKey(name string, index int) string {
-	return strings.TrimSpace(name) + "|" + strconv.Itoa(index)
+// benchmarkHistoryColumnKey groups results by server model + GPU model so that
+// runs on the same hardware produce one column regardless of individual GPU index.
+func benchmarkHistoryColumnKey(serverModel, gpuName string) string {
+	return strings.TrimSpace(serverModel) + "|" + strings.TrimSpace(gpuName)
 }
 
-func benchmarkHistoryColumnLabel(name string, index int) string {
-	name = strings.TrimSpace(name)
-	if name == "" {
-		return fmt.Sprintf("GPU %d", index)
+// benchmarkHistoryColumnLabel formats the column header as
+// "Server Model (N× GPU Model)" or "GPU Model" when server info is missing.
+func benchmarkHistoryColumnLabel(serverModel, gpuName string, count int) string {
+	serverModel = strings.TrimSpace(serverModel)
+	gpuName = strings.TrimSpace(gpuName)
+	if gpuName == "" {
+		gpuName = "Unknown GPU"
 	}
-	return fmt.Sprintf("%s / GPU %d", name, index)
+	gpuPart := fmt.Sprintf("%d× %s", count, gpuName)
+	if serverModel == "" {
+		return gpuPart
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s (%s)", serverModel, gpuPart)
 }
 
 // ── Burn ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

audit/internal/webui/server_test.go

@@ -711,6 +711,8 @@ func TestValidatePageRendersNvidiaTargetedStressCard(t *testing.T) {
 		`controlled NVIDIA DCGM load`,
 		`<code>dcgmi diag targeted_stress</code>`,
 		`NVIDIA GPU Selection`,
+		`All NVIDIA validate tasks use only the GPUs selected here.`,
+		`Select All`,
 		`id="sat-gpu-list"`,
 	} {
 		if !strings.Contains(body, needle) {

audit/internal/webui/tasks.go

@@ -123,6 +123,7 @@ type taskParams struct {
 	BurnProfile        string   `json:"burn_profile,omitempty"`
 	BenchmarkProfile   string   `json:"benchmark_profile,omitempty"`
 	RunNCCL            bool     `json:"run_nccl,omitempty"`
+	ParallelGPUs       bool     `json:"parallel_gpus,omitempty"`
 	DisplayName        string   `json:"display_name,omitempty"`
 	Device             string   `json:"device,omitempty"` // for install
 	PlatformComponents []string `json:"platform_components,omitempty"`
@@ -585,6 +586,7 @@ func (q *taskQueue) runTask(t *Task, j *jobState, ctx context.Context) {
 			GPUIndices:        t.params.GPUIndices,
 			ExcludeGPUIndices: t.params.ExcludeGPUIndices,
 			RunNCCL:           t.params.RunNCCL,
+			ParallelGPUs:      t.params.ParallelGPUs,
 		}, j.append)
 	case "nvidia-compute":
 		if a == nil {

bible-local/docs/benchmark-clock-calibration.md

@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+# Benchmark clock calibration research
+
+## Status
+In progress. Baseline data from production servers pending.
+
+## Background
+
+The benchmark locks GPU clocks to `MaxGraphicsClockMHz` (boost) via `nvidia-smi -lgc`
+before the steady-state phase. The metric `low_sm_clock_vs_target` fires when
+`avg_steady_clock < locked_target * 0.90`.
+
+Problem: boost clock is the theoretical maximum under ideal cooling. In practice,
+even a healthy GPU in a non-ideal server will sustain clocks well below boost.
+The 90% threshold has no empirical basis.
+
+## Key observations (2026-04-06)
+
+### H100 PCIe — new card, server not designed for it
+- avg clock 1384 MHz, P95 1560 MHz (unstable, proba boost 1755 MHz)
+- Thermal sustain: 0.0 (sw_thermal covers entire steady window)
+- Stability: 70.0 — clocks erratic, no equilibrium found
+- Degradation: power_capped, thermal_limited, low_sm_clock_vs_target, variance_too_high
+
+### H200 NVL — new card, server not designed for it
+- avg clock = P95 = 1635 MHz (perfectly stable)
+- Thermal sustain: 0.0 (sw_thermal + sw_power cover entire steady window)
+- Stability: 92.0 — found stable thermal equilibrium at 1635 MHz
+- Degradation: power_capped, thermal_limited
+- Compute: 989 TOPS — card is computing correctly for its frequency
+
+### Key insight
+The meaningful distinction is not *whether* the card throttles but *how stably*
+it throttles. H200 found a thermal equilibrium (avg == P95, Stability 92),
+H100 did not (avg << P95, Stability 70). Both are new cards; the H100's
+instability may reflect a more severe thermal mismatch or a card issue.
+
+`sw_power ≈ sw_thermal` pattern = server cooling constraint, card likely OK.
+`hw_thermal >> sw_thermal` pattern = card itself overheating, investigate.
+
+## Hypothesis for baseline
+
+After testing on servers designed for their GPUs (proper cooling):
+- Healthy GPU under sustained load will run at a stable fraction of boost
+- Expected: avg_steady ≈ 80–95% of boost depending on model and TDP class
+- Base clock (`clocks.base.gr`) may be a better reference than boost:
+  a healthy card under real workload should comfortably exceed base clock
+
+## Baseline: H100 PCIe HBM2e — designed server (2026-04-06, 10 samples)
+
+Source: external stress test tool, ~90s runs, designed server, adequate power.
+
+### Healthy fingerprint
+
+- **Power**: hits cap ~340–360W immediately, stays flat throughout — HEALTHY
+- **Clock**: starts ~1750 MHz, oscillates and declines to ~1540–1600 MHz by 90s
+  - Avg steady (visual): **~1580–1620 MHz**
+  - vs boost 1755 MHz: **~91–92%**
+  - Oscillation is NORMAL — this is the boost algorithm balancing under power cap
+  - Stable power + oscillating clocks = healthy power-cap behavior
+- **Temperature**: linear rise ~38°C → 75–80°C over 90s (no runaway)
+- **Consistency**: all 10 samples within ±20 MHz — very repeatable
+
+### Characteristic patten
+Flat power line + oscillating/declining clock line = GPU correctly managed by
+power cap algorithm. Do NOT flag this as instability.
+
+### Clock CV implication
+The healthy oscillation WILL produce moderate ClockCVPct (~5–10%).
+The current `variance_too_high` threshold (StabilityScore < 85) may fire on
+healthy HBM2e PCIe cards. Needs recalibration.
+
+---
+
+## Baseline: H100 HBM3 OEM SXM Custom (restored) — 2 confirmed samples
+
+Source: pytorch_training_loop stress test, 120s (90s stress + 30s cooldown).
+Confirmed GPU: NVIDIA H100 80GB HBM3, GH100 rev a1.
+
+### GPU clock reference (from nvidia-smi, idle):
+- base_clock_mhz: **1095**
+- boost_clock_mhz: **1755** (nvidia-smi `clocks.max.graphics` at idle)
+- achieved_max_clock_mhz: **1980** (actual burst max observed by tool)
+- Our benchmark locks to `clocks.max.graphics` = likely 1980 MHz for this chip
+
+### Observed under 700W sustained load (both samples nearly identical):
+- Power: ~700W flat — SXM slot, adequate power confirmed
+- Clock steady range: **~1380–1480 MHz**, avg **~1420–1460 MHz**
+- vs 1980 MHz (lock target): **72–74%** — severely below
+- vs 1755 MHz (nvidia-smi boost): **81–83%**
+- vs 1095 MHz (base): 130% — above base but far below expected for SXM
+- Clock/Watt: ~2.1 MHz/W vs HBM2e ~4.6 MHz/W — 2× worse efficiency
+- Temperature: 38°C → 79–80°C (same rate as HBM2e)
+- Oscillation: present, similar character to HBM2e but at much lower frequency
+
+### Diagnosis
+These restored cards are degraded. A healthy H100 SXM in a designed server
+(DGX H100, HGX H100) should sustain ~1800–1900 MHz at 700W (~91–96% of 1980).
+The 72–74% result is a clear signal of silicon or VRM degradation from the
+refurbishment process.
+
+### Clock pattern note
+Images 8/9 (previously marked as "HBM3 restored") are now confirmed identical
+to images 19/20. Both sample sets show same degraded pattern — same batch.
+
+---
+
+## Baseline matrix (filled where data available)
+
+| GPU model | Config | Avg clock steady | vs boost | Clock/Watt | Notes |
+|---|---|---|---|---|---|
+| H100 PCIe HBM2e | designed server | 1580–1620 MHz | 91–92% | ~4.6 MHz/W | 10 samples, healthy |
+| H100 SXM HBM3 restored | 700W full | 1420–1460 MHz | 72–74% of 1980 | ~2.1 MHz/W | 4 samples confirmed, degraded |
+| H100 SXM HBM3 healthy | designed | ~1800–1900 MHz est. | ~91–96% est. | ~2.7 MHz/W est. | need real baseline |
+| H200 NVL | designed | TBD | TBD | TBD | need baseline |
+
+---
+
+## H100 official spec (from NVIDIA datasheet)
+
+Source: NVIDIA H100 Tensor Core GPU Datasheet (image 23, 2026-04-06).
+All TOPS marked * are with structural sparsity enabled. Divide by 2 for dense.
+
+| Model | FP16 Tensor (dense) | TF32 (dense) | FP8 (dense) | TDP | Memory |
+|---|---|---|---|---|---|
+| H100 80GB PCIe | 756 TFLOPS | 378 TFLOPS | 1,513 TFLOPS | 350W | HBM2e |
+| H100 NVL 94GB PCIe | 990 TFLOPS | 495 TFLOPS | 1,980 TFLOPS | 400W | HBM3 |
+| H100 80GB SXM (BQQV) | 989 TFLOPS | 494 TFLOPS | — | 700W | HBM3 |
+| H100 94GB SXM (BUBB) | 989 TFLOPS | 494 TFLOPS | — | 700W | HBM2e |
+
+Notes:
+- SXM boards do NOT list FP8 peak in this table (field empty)
+- fp8_e5m2 is unsupported on H100 PCIe HBM2e — confirmed in our tests
+- Tensor Cores: PCIe = 456, SXM = 528 (16% more on SXM)
+
+## Observed efficiency (H100 80GB PCIe, throttled server)
+
+From the report in this session (power+thermal throttle throughout steady):
+
+| Precision | Measured | Spec (dense) | % of spec |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| fp16_tensor | 329 TOPS | 756 TFLOPS | 44% |
+| fp32_tf32 | 115 TOPS | 378 TFLOPS | 30% |
+| fp8_e4m3 | 505 TOPS | 1,513 TFLOPS | 33% |
+
+33–44% of spec is expected given sustained power+thermal throttle (avg clock
+1384 MHz vs boost 1755 MHz = 79%). The GPU is computing correctly for its
+actual frequency — the low TOPS comes from throttle, not silicon defect.
+
+## H200 official spec (from NVIDIA datasheet, image 24, 2026-04-06)
+
+Format: without sparsity / with sparsity.
+
+| Model | FP16 Tensor (dense) | TF32 (dense) | FP8 (dense) | TDP | Memory |
+|---|---|---|---|---|---|
+| H200 NVL PCIe | 836 TFLOPS | 418 TFLOPS | 1,570 TFLOPS | 600W | HBM3e 141GB |
+| H200 SXM | 990 TFLOPS | 495 TFLOPS | 1,979 TFLOPS | 700W | HBM3e 141GB |
+
+## Observed efficiency (H200 NVL PCIe, throttled non-designed server)
+
+Avg clock 1635 MHz (62% of boost ~2619 MHz). Entire steady in thermal throttle.
+
+| Precision | Measured | Spec (dense) | % of spec |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| fp16_tensor | 340 TOPS | 836 TFLOPS | 41% |
+| fp32_tf32 | 120 TOPS | 418 TFLOPS | 29% |
+| fp8_e4m3 | 529 TOPS | 1,570 TFLOPS | 34% |
+
+Comparable to H100 PCIe efficiency (33–44%) despite different architecture —
+both are throttle-limited. Confirms that % of spec is not a quality signal,
+it reflects the thermal environment. tops_per_sm_per_ghz is the right metric.
+
+## Real-world GEMM efficiency reference (2026-04-06, web research)
+
+Sources: SemiAnalysis MI300X vs H100 vs H200 training benchmark; cuBLAS optimization
+worklog (hamzaelshafie.bearblog.dev); Lambda AI H100 performance analysis.
+
+### What healthy systems actually achieve:
+- H100 SXM in designed server: **~720 TFLOPS FP16 = ~73% of spec**
+- cuBLAS large square GEMM (8192³): up to **~83% flop utilization**
+- H200 NVL PCIe: no public data, extrapolating ~73% → ~610 TFLOPS FP16
+
+### Our results vs expectation:
+| GPU | Our FP16 | Expected (73%) | Our % of spec | Gap |
+|---|---|---|---|---|
+| H100 PCIe HBM2e | 329 TOPS | ~552 TFLOPS | 44% | ~1.7× below |
+| H200 NVL PCIe | 340 TOPS | ~610 TFLOPS | 41% | ~1.8× below |
+
+Our results are roughly **half** of what a healthy system achieves even under throttle.
+This is NOT normal — 30-44% is not the industry baseline.
+
+### Likely causes of the gap (in order of probability):
+1. **Thermal throttle** — confirmed, sw_thermal covers entire steady window
+2. **Power limit below TDP** — GPU may be software-limited below 350W/600W.
+   Previous user may have set a lower limit via nvidia-smi -pl and it was not
+   reset. Our normalization sets clock locks but does NOT reset power limit.
+   Key check: `nvidia-smi -q | grep "Power Limit"` — default vs enforced.
+3. **Matrix size** — ruled out. bee-gpu-burn uses 4096×4096×4096 for fp16,
+   8192×8192×4096 for fp8. These are large enough for peak tensor utilization.
+
+### Power limit gap analysis (H100 PCIe):
+- Avg clock 1384 MHz = 79% of boost 1755 MHz
+- Expected TOPS at 79% clock: 756 × 0.79 ≈ 597 TFLOPS
+- Actually measured: 329 TOPS = 55% of that estimate
+- Remaining gap after accounting for clock throttle: ~45%
+- Most likely explanation: enforced power limit < 350W TDP, further reducing
+  sustainable clock beyond what sw_thermal alone would cause.
+
+### Action item:
+Add `power.limit` (enforced) AND `power.default_limit` to queryBenchmarkGPUInfo
+so result.json shows if the card was pre-configured with a non-default limit.
+If enforced < default × 0.95 → add finding "GPU power limit is below default TDP".
+
+### CPU/RAM impact on GPU FLOPS:
+None. Pure on-GPU GEMM is fully compute-bound once data is in VRAM.
+CPU core count and host RAM are irrelevant.
+
+## Compute efficiency metric (proposed, no hardcode)
+
+Instead of comparing TOPS to a hardcoded spec, compute:
+  tops_per_sm_per_ghz = measured_tops / (sm_count × avg_clock_ghz)
+
+This is model-agnostic. A GPU computing correctly at its actual frequency
+will show a consistent tops_per_sm_per_ghz regardless of throttle level.
+A GPU with degraded silicon will show low tops_per_sm_per_ghz even at
+normal clocks.
+
+SM count is queryable: nvidia-smi --query-gpu=attribute.multiprocessor_count
+(needs to be added to queryBenchmarkGPUInfo).
+
+Reference values to establish after baseline runs:
+- H100 PCIe fp16_tensor: TBD tops/SM/GHz
+- H100 SXM fp16_tensor: TBD tops/SM/GHz
+
+## Proposed threshold changes (pending more data)
+
+1. **`low_sm_clock_vs_target`**: raise threshold from 90% to 85% based on observed
+   91–92% on healthy HBM2e. Or remove entirely — sw_power/sw_thermal already
+   capture the root cause.
+
+2. **`variance_too_high`** (StabilityScore < 85): healthy HBM2e WILL oscillate
+   under power cap. Consider suppressing this flag when power is flat and usage
+   is 100% (oscillation is expected). Or lower threshold to 70.
+
+3. **New signal: MHz/Watt efficiency**: if base_graphics_clock_mhz is available,
+   ratio avg_clock / power_w could identify degraded silicon (HBM3 restored S1
+   would have been caught by this).
+
+Decision deferred until baseline on SXM designed servers collected.

iso/builder/bee-gpu-stress.c

@@ -606,6 +606,20 @@ struct prepared_profile {
 };
 
 static const struct profile_desc k_profiles[] = {
+    {
+        "fp64",
+        "fp64",
+        80,
+        1,
+        0,
+        0,
+        8,
+        CUDA_R_64F,
+        CUDA_R_64F,
+        CUDA_R_64F,
+        CUDA_R_64F,
+        CUBLAS_COMPUTE_64F,
+    },
     {
         "fp32_tf32",
         "fp32",

iso/builder/build.sh

@@ -917,6 +917,86 @@ elif [ -d "${LB_PKG_CACHE}" ] && [ "$(ls -A "${LB_PKG_CACHE}" 2>/dev/null)" ]; t
     rsync -a "${LB_PKG_CACHE}/" "${BUILD_WORK_DIR}/cache/packages.chroot/"
 fi
 
+if [ "$BEE_GPU_VENDOR" != "nvidia" ] || [ "$BEE_NVIDIA_MODULE_FLAVOR" != "proprietary" ]; then
+    cat > "${BUILD_WORK_DIR}/config/bootloaders/grub-pc/grub.cfg" <<'EOF'
+source /boot/grub/config.cfg
+
+echo ""
+echo "  ███████╗ █████╗ ███████╗██╗   ██╗      ██████╗ ███████╗███████╗"
+echo "  ██╔════╝██╔══██╗██╔════╝╚██╗ ██╔╝      ██╔══██╗██╔════╝██╔════╝"
+echo "  █████╗  ███████║███████╗ ╚████╔╝ █████╗██████╔╝█████╗  █████╗"
+echo "  ██╔══╝  ██╔══██║╚════██║  ╚██╔╝  ╚════╝██╔══██╗██╔══╝  ██╔══╝"
+echo "  ███████╗██║  ██║███████║   ██║         ██████╔╝███████╗███████╗"
+echo "  ╚══════╝╚═╝  ╚═╝╚══════╝   ╚═╝         ╚═════╝ ╚══════╝╚══════╝"
+echo "  Hardware Audit LiveCD"
+echo ""
+
+menuentry "EASY-BEE" {
+    linux   @KERNEL_LIVE@ @APPEND_LIVE@ nomodeset net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0 mitigations=off transparent_hugepage=always numa_balancing=disable nowatchdog nosoftlockup
+    initrd  @INITRD_LIVE@
+}
+
+submenu "EASY-BEE (advanced options) -->" {
+    menuentry "EASY-BEE — KMS (no nomodeset)" {
+        linux   @KERNEL_LIVE@ @APPEND_LIVE@ net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0 mitigations=off transparent_hugepage=always numa_balancing=disable nowatchdog nosoftlockup
+        initrd  @INITRD_LIVE@
+    }
+
+    menuentry "EASY-BEE — fail-safe" {
+        linux   @KERNEL_LIVE@ @APPEND_LIVE@ nomodeset noapic noapm nodma nomce nolapic nosmp vga=normal net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0
+        initrd  @INITRD_LIVE@
+    }
+}
+
+if [ "${grub_platform}" = "efi" ]; then
+    menuentry "Memory Test (memtest86+)" {
+        chainloader /boot/memtest86+x64.efi
+    }
+else
+    menuentry "Memory Test (memtest86+)" {
+        linux16 /boot/memtest86+x64.bin
+    }
+fi
+
+if [ "${grub_platform}" = "efi" ]; then
+    menuentry "UEFI Firmware Settings" {
+        fwsetup
+    }
+fi
+EOF
+
+    cat > "${BUILD_WORK_DIR}/config/bootloaders/isolinux/live.cfg.in" <<'EOF'
+label live-@FLAVOUR@-normal
+    menu label ^EASY-BEE
+    menu default
+    linux @LINUX@
+    initrd @INITRD@
+    append @APPEND_LIVE@
+
+label live-@FLAVOUR@-kms
+    menu label EASY-BEE (^graphics/KMS)
+    linux @LINUX@
+    initrd @INITRD@
+    append @APPEND_LIVE@ bee.display=kms
+
+label live-@FLAVOUR@-toram
+    menu label EASY-BEE (^load to RAM)
+    linux @LINUX@
+    initrd @INITRD@
+    append @APPEND_LIVE@ toram
+
+label live-@FLAVOUR@-failsafe
+    menu label EASY-BEE (^fail-safe)
+    linux @LINUX@
+    initrd @INITRD@
+    append @APPEND_LIVE@ memtest noapic noapm nodma nomce nolapic nosmp vga=normal
+
+label memtest
+    menu label ^Memory Test (memtest86+)
+    linux /boot/memtest86+x64.bin
+EOF
+fi
+
 rsync -a "${OVERLAY_DIR}/" "${OVERLAY_STAGE_DIR}/"
 rm -f \
     "${OVERLAY_STAGE_DIR}/etc/bee-ssh-password-fallback" \

iso/builder/config/hooks/normal/9001-wallpaper.hook.chroot

@@ -5,69 +5,110 @@ echo "=== generating bee wallpaper ==="
 mkdir -p /usr/share/bee
 
 python3 - <<'PYEOF'
-from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont
+from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont, ImageFilter
 import os
 
 W, H = 1920, 1080
 
-LOGO = """\
-  \u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2557 \u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2557 \u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2557\u2588\u2588\u2557   \u2588\u2588\u2557      \u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2557 \u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2557\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2557
-  \u2588\u2588\u2554\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u255d\u2588\u2588\u2554\u2550\u2550\u2588\u2588\u2557\u2588\u2588\u2554\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u255d\u255a\u2588\u2588\u2557 \u2588\u2588\u2554\u255d      \u2588\u2588\u2554\u2550\u2550\u2588\u2588\u2557\u2588\u2588\u2554\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u255d\u2588\u2588\u2554\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u255d
-  \u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2557  \u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2551\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2557 \u255a\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2554\u255d \u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2557\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2554\u255d\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2557  \u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2557
-  \u2588\u2588\u2554\u2550\u2550\u255d  \u2588\u2588\u2554\u2550\u2550\u2588\u2588\u2551\u255a\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2588\u2588\u2551  \u255a\u2588\u2588\u2554\u255d  \u255a\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u255d\u2588\u2588\u2554\u2550\u2550\u2588\u2588\u2557\u2588\u2588\u2554\u2550\u2550\u255d  \u2588\u2588\u2554\u2550\u2550\u255d
-  \u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2557\u2588\u2588\u2551  \u2588\u2588\u2551\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2551   \u2588\u2588\u2551         \u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2554\u255d\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2557\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2557
-  \u255a\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u255d\u255a\u2550\u255d  \u255a\u2550\u255d\u255a\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u255d   \u255a\u2550\u255d         \u255a\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u255d \u255a\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u255d\u255a\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u255d
-  Hardware Audit LiveCD"""
+GLYPHS = {
+    'E': ["11111", "10000", "11110", "10000", "10000", "10000", "11111"],
+    'A': ["01110", "10001", "10001", "11111", "10001", "10001", "10001"],
+    'S': ["01111", "10000", "10000", "01110", "00001", "00001", "11110"],
+    'Y': ["10001", "10001", "01010", "00100", "00100", "00100", "00100"],
+    'B': ["11110", "10001", "10001", "11110", "10001", "10001", "11110"],
+    '-': ["00000", "00000", "11111", "00000", "00000", "00000", "00000"],
+}
 
-# Find a monospace font that supports box-drawing characters
-FONT_CANDIDATES = [
-    '/usr/share/fonts/truetype/dejavu/DejaVuSansMono.ttf',
-    '/usr/share/fonts/truetype/liberation/LiberationMono-Regular.ttf',
-    '/usr/share/fonts/truetype/freefont/FreeMono.ttf',
-    '/usr/share/fonts/truetype/noto/NotoMono-Regular.ttf',
+TITLE = "EASY-BEE"
+SUBTITLE = "Hardware Audit LiveCD"
+CELL = 30
+GLYPH_GAP = 18
+ROW_GAP = 6
+
+FG = (0xF6, 0xD0, 0x47)
+FG_DIM = (0xD4, 0xA9, 0x1C)
+SHADOW = (0x5E, 0x47, 0x05)
+SUB = (0x96, 0x7A, 0x17)
+BG = (0x05, 0x05, 0x05)
+
+SUB_FONT_CANDIDATES = [
+    '/usr/share/fonts/truetype/dejavu/DejaVuSans-Bold.ttf',
+    '/usr/share/fonts/truetype/liberation2/LiberationSans-Bold.ttf',
+    '/usr/share/fonts/truetype/liberation/LiberationSans-Bold.ttf',
+    '/usr/share/fonts/truetype/freefont/FreeSansBold.ttf',
 ]
 
-font_path = None
-for p in FONT_CANDIDATES:
-    if os.path.exists(p):
-        font_path = p
-        break
 
-SIZE = 22
-if font_path:
-    font_logo = ImageFont.truetype(font_path, SIZE)
-    font_sub  = ImageFont.truetype(font_path, SIZE)
-else:
-    font_logo = ImageFont.load_default()
-    font_sub  = font_logo
+def load_font(size):
+    for path in SUB_FONT_CANDIDATES:
+        if os.path.exists(path):
+            return ImageFont.truetype(path, size)
+    return ImageFont.load_default()
 
-img  = Image.new('RGB', (W, H), (0, 0, 0))
+
+def glyph_width(ch):
+    return len(GLYPHS[ch][0])
+
+
+def render_logo_mask():
+    width_cells = 0
+    for idx, ch in enumerate(TITLE):
+        width_cells += glyph_width(ch)
+        if idx != len(TITLE) - 1:
+            width_cells += 1
+    mask_w = width_cells * CELL + (len(TITLE) - 1) * GLYPH_GAP
+    mask_h = 7 * CELL + 6 * ROW_GAP
+    mask = Image.new('L', (mask_w, mask_h), 0)
+    draw = ImageDraw.Draw(mask)
+
+    cx = 0
+    for idx, ch in enumerate(TITLE):
+        glyph = GLYPHS[ch]
+        for row_idx, row in enumerate(glyph):
+            for col_idx, cell in enumerate(row):
+                if cell != '1':
+                    continue
+                x0 = cx + col_idx * CELL
+                y0 = row_idx * (CELL + ROW_GAP)
+                x1 = x0 + CELL - 4
+                y1 = y0 + CELL - 4
+                draw.rounded_rectangle((x0, y0, x1, y1), radius=4, fill=255)
+        cx += glyph_width(ch) * CELL
+        if idx != len(TITLE) - 1:
+            cx += CELL + GLYPH_GAP
+    return mask
+
+
+img = Image.new('RGB', (W, H), BG)
 draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img)
 
-# Measure logo block line by line to avoid font ascender offset
-lines = LOGO.split('\n')
-logo_lines = lines[:6]
-sub_line   = lines[6] if len(lines) > 6 else ''
+# Soft amber glow under the logo without depending on font rendering.
+glow = Image.new('RGBA', (W, H), (0, 0, 0, 0))
+glow_draw = ImageDraw.Draw(glow)
+glow_draw.ellipse((360, 250, 1560, 840), fill=(180, 120, 10, 56))
+glow_draw.ellipse((520, 340, 1400, 760), fill=(255, 190, 40, 36))
+glow = glow.filter(ImageFilter.GaussianBlur(60))
+img = Image.alpha_composite(img.convert('RGBA'), glow)
 
-line_h = SIZE + 2
-block_h = len(logo_lines) * line_h + 8 + (SIZE if sub_line else 0)
+logo_mask = render_logo_mask()
+logo_w, logo_h = logo_mask.size
+logo_x = (W - logo_w) // 2
+logo_y = 290
 
-# Width: measure the widest logo line
-max_w = 0
-for line in logo_lines:
-    bb = draw.textbbox((0, 0), line, font=font_logo)
-    max_w = max(max_w, bb[2] - bb[0])
+shadow_mask = logo_mask.filter(ImageFilter.GaussianBlur(2))
+img.paste(SHADOW, (logo_x + 16, logo_y + 14), shadow_mask)
+img.paste(FG_DIM, (logo_x + 8, logo_y + 7), logo_mask)
+img.paste(FG, (logo_x, logo_y), logo_mask)
 
-x = (W - max_w) // 2
-y = (H - block_h) // 2
+font_sub = load_font(30)
+sub_bb = draw.textbbox((0, 0), SUBTITLE, font=font_sub)
+sub_x = (W - (sub_bb[2] - sub_bb[0])) // 2
+sub_y = logo_y + logo_h + 54
+draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img)
+draw.text((sub_x + 2, sub_y + 2), SUBTITLE, font=font_sub, fill=(35, 28, 6))
+draw.text((sub_x, sub_y), SUBTITLE, font=font_sub, fill=SUB)
 
-cy = y
-for line in logo_lines:
-    draw.text((x, cy), line, font=font_logo, fill=(0xf6, 0xc9, 0x0e))
-    cy += line_h
-cy += 8
-if sub_line:
-    draw.text((x, cy), sub_line, font=font_sub, fill=(0x80, 0x68, 0x18))
+img = img.convert('RGB')
 
 img.save('/usr/share/bee/wallpaper.png', optimize=True)
 print('wallpaper written: /usr/share/bee/wallpaper.png')

iso/builder/config/hooks/normal/9010-fix-toram.hook.chroot

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# 9010-fix-toram.hook.chroot — patch live-boot toram to work with tmpfs (no O_DIRECT)
+#
+# live-boot tries "losetup --replace --direct-io=on" when re-associating the
+# loop device to the RAM copy in /dev/shm.  tmpfs does not support O_DIRECT,
+# so the ioctl returns EINVAL and the verification step fails.
+#
+# The patch replaces the replace call so that if --direct-io=on fails it falls
+# back to a plain replace without direct-io, and also relaxes the verification
+# to a warning so the boot continues even when re-association is imperfect.
+set -e
+
+TORAM_SCRIPT="/usr/lib/live/boot/9990-toram-todisk.sh"
+
+if [ ! -f "${TORAM_SCRIPT}" ]; then
+    echo "9010-fix-toram: ${TORAM_SCRIPT} not found, skipping"
+    exit 0
+fi
+
+echo "9010-fix-toram: patching ${TORAM_SCRIPT}"
+
+# Replace any losetup --replace call that includes --direct-io=on with a
+# version that first tries with direct-io, then retries without it.
+#
+# The sed expression turns:
+#   losetup --replace ... --direct-io=on LOOP FILE
+# into a shell snippet that tries both, silently.
+#
+# We also downgrade the fatal "Task finished with error." block to a warning
+# so the boot continues if re-association fails (squashfs still accessible).
+
+# 1. Strip --direct-io=on from the losetup --replace call so it works on tmpfs.
+sed -i 's/losetup --replace --direct-io=on/losetup --replace/g' "${TORAM_SCRIPT}"
+sed -i 's/losetup --replace --direct-io/losetup --replace/g' "${TORAM_SCRIPT}"
+
+# 2. Turn the hard error into a warning so boot continues.
+#    live-boot prints this exact string when verification fails.
+sed -i 's/echo "Task finished with error\."/echo "Warning: toram re-association failed, continuing boot (squashfs still in RAM)"/' "${TORAM_SCRIPT}"
+
+echo "9010-fix-toram: patch applied"
+grep -n "losetup" "${TORAM_SCRIPT}" | head -20 || true

iso/builder/smoketest.sh

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ echo ""
 KVER=$(uname -r)
 info "kernel: $KVER"
 NVIDIA_BOOT_MODE="normal"
+NVIDIA_MODULES_FLAVOR="proprietary"
 for arg in $(cat /proc/cmdline 2>/dev/null); do
     case "$arg" in
         bee.nvidia.mode=*)
@@ -34,7 +35,11 @@ for arg in $(cat /proc/cmdline 2>/dev/null); do
             ;;
     esac
 done
+if [ -f /etc/bee-nvidia-modules-flavor ]; then
+    NVIDIA_MODULES_FLAVOR="$(tr -d '[:space:]' </etc/bee-nvidia-modules-flavor 2>/dev/null || echo proprietary)"
+fi
 info "nvidia boot mode: ${NVIDIA_BOOT_MODE}"
+info "nvidia modules flavor: ${NVIDIA_MODULES_FLAVOR}"
 
 # --- PATH & binaries ---
 echo "-- PATH & binaries --"
@@ -110,10 +115,12 @@ fi
 for mod in nvidia_modeset nvidia_uvm; do
     if /sbin/lsmod 2>/dev/null | grep -q "^$mod "; then
         ok "module loaded: $mod"
-    elif [ "${NVIDIA_BOOT_MODE}" = "normal" ] || [ "${NVIDIA_BOOT_MODE}" = "full" ]; then
+    elif [ "${NVIDIA_MODULES_FLAVOR}" = "proprietary" ] && { [ "${NVIDIA_BOOT_MODE}" = "normal" ] || [ "${NVIDIA_BOOT_MODE}" = "full" ]; }; then
         fail "module NOT loaded in normal mode: $mod"
-    else
+    elif [ "${NVIDIA_MODULES_FLAVOR}" = "proprietary" ]; then
         warn "module not loaded in GSP-off mode: $mod"
+    else
+        fail "module NOT loaded: $mod"
     fi
 done
 
@@ -129,10 +136,12 @@ done
 
 if [ -e /dev/nvidia-uvm ]; then
     ok "/dev/nvidia-uvm exists"
-elif [ "${NVIDIA_BOOT_MODE}" = "normal" ] || [ "${NVIDIA_BOOT_MODE}" = "full" ]; then
+elif [ "${NVIDIA_MODULES_FLAVOR}" = "proprietary" ] && { [ "${NVIDIA_BOOT_MODE}" = "normal" ] || [ "${NVIDIA_BOOT_MODE}" = "full" ]; }; then
     fail "/dev/nvidia-uvm missing in normal mode"
-else
+elif [ "${NVIDIA_MODULES_FLAVOR}" = "proprietary" ]; then
     warn "/dev/nvidia-uvm missing — CUDA stress path may be unavailable until loaded on demand"
+else
+    fail "/dev/nvidia-uvm missing"
 fi
 
 echo ""

iso/overlay/usr/local/bin/bee-nvidia-load

@@ -6,6 +6,19 @@ NVIDIA_KO_DIR="/usr/local/lib/nvidia"
 
 log() { echo "[bee-nvidia] $*"; }
 
+read_nvidia_modules_flavor() {
+    if [ -f /etc/bee-nvidia-modules-flavor ]; then
+        flavor="$(tr -d '[:space:]' </etc/bee-nvidia-modules-flavor 2>/dev/null)"
+        case "$flavor" in
+            open|proprietary)
+                echo "$flavor"
+                return 0
+                ;;
+        esac
+    fi
+    echo "proprietary"
+}
+
 log "kernel: $(uname -r)"
 
 # Skip if no NVIDIA GPU present (PCI vendor 10de)
@@ -40,6 +53,8 @@ if [ -z "$nvidia_mode" ]; then
     nvidia_mode="normal"
 fi
 log "boot mode: $nvidia_mode"
+nvidia_modules_flavor="$(read_nvidia_modules_flavor)"
+log "modules flavor: $nvidia_modules_flavor"
 
 load_module() {
     mod="$1"
@@ -150,37 +165,54 @@ load_host_module() {
     return 1
 }
 
-case "$nvidia_mode" in
-    normal|full)
-        if ! load_module_with_gsp_fallback; then
-            exit 1
-        fi
-        # nvidia-modeset on some server kernels needs ACPI video helper symbols
-        # exported by the generic "video" module. Best-effort only; compute paths
-        # remain functional even if display-related modules stay absent.
-        load_host_module video || true
-        load_module nvidia-modeset || true
-        load_module nvidia-uvm || true
-        ;;
-    gsp-off|safe)
-        # NVIDIA documents that GSP firmware is enabled by default on newer GPUs and can
-        # be disabled via NVreg_EnableGpuFirmware=0. Safe mode keeps the live ISO on the
-        # conservative path for platforms where full boot-time GSP init is unstable.
-        if ! load_module nvidia NVreg_EnableGpuFirmware=0; then
-            exit 1
-        fi
-        log "GSP-off mode: skipping nvidia-modeset and nvidia-uvm during boot"
-        ;;
-    nomsi|*)
-        # nomsi: disable MSI-X/MSI interrupts — use when RmInitAdapter fails with
-        # "Failed to enable MSI-X" on one or more GPUs (IOMMU group interrupt limits).
-        # NVreg_EnableMSI=0 forces legacy INTx interrupts for all GPUs.
-        if ! load_module nvidia NVreg_EnableGpuFirmware=0 NVreg_EnableMSI=0; then
-            exit 1
-        fi
-        log "nomsi mode: MSI-X disabled (NVreg_EnableMSI=0), skipping nvidia-modeset and nvidia-uvm"
-        ;;
-esac
+if [ "$nvidia_modules_flavor" = "open" ]; then
+    case "$nvidia_mode" in
+        gsp-off|safe|nomsi)
+            log "ignoring boot mode ${nvidia_mode} for open NVIDIA modules"
+            ;;
+    esac
+    if ! load_module nvidia; then
+        exit 1
+    fi
+    # nvidia-modeset on some server kernels needs ACPI video helper symbols
+    # exported by the generic "video" module. Best-effort only; compute paths
+    # remain functional even if display-related modules stay absent.
+    load_host_module video || true
+    load_module nvidia-modeset || true
+    load_module nvidia-uvm || true
+else
+    case "$nvidia_mode" in
+        normal|full)
+            if ! load_module_with_gsp_fallback; then
+                exit 1
+            fi
+            # nvidia-modeset on some server kernels needs ACPI video helper symbols
+            # exported by the generic "video" module. Best-effort only; compute paths
+            # remain functional even if display-related modules stay absent.
+            load_host_module video || true
+            load_module nvidia-modeset || true
+            load_module nvidia-uvm || true
+            ;;
+        gsp-off|safe)
+            # NVIDIA documents that GSP firmware is enabled by default on newer GPUs and can
+            # be disabled via NVreg_EnableGpuFirmware=0. Safe mode keeps the live ISO on the
+            # conservative path for platforms where full boot-time GSP init is unstable.
+            if ! load_module nvidia NVreg_EnableGpuFirmware=0; then
+                exit 1
+            fi
+            log "GSP-off mode: skipping nvidia-modeset and nvidia-uvm during boot"
+            ;;
+        nomsi|*)
+            # nomsi: disable MSI-X/MSI interrupts — use when RmInitAdapter fails with
+            # "Failed to enable MSI-X" on one or more GPUs (IOMMU group interrupt limits).
+            # NVreg_EnableMSI=0 forces legacy INTx interrupts for all GPUs.
+            if ! load_module nvidia NVreg_EnableGpuFirmware=0 NVreg_EnableMSI=0; then
+                exit 1
+            fi
+            log "nomsi mode: MSI-X disabled (NVreg_EnableMSI=0), skipping nvidia-modeset and nvidia-uvm"
+            ;;
+    esac
+fi
 
 # Create /dev/nvidia* device nodes (udev rules absent since we use .run installer)
 nvidia_major=$(grep -m1 ' nvidiactl$' /proc/devices | awk '{print $1}')