Handle NVIDIA GSP firmware init hang with timeout fallback

- bee-nvidia-load: run insmod in background, poll /proc/devices for
  nvidiactl; if GSP init doesn't complete in 90s, kill insmod and retry
  with NVreg_EnableGpuFirmware=0. Handles EBUSY case with clear error.
- Write /run/bee-nvidia-mode (gsp-on/gsp-off/gsp-stuck) for audit layer
- Show GSP mode badge in sidebar: yellow for gsp-off, red for gsp-stuck
- Report NvidiaGSPMode in RuntimeHealth with issue entries
- Simplify GRUB menu: default (KMS+GSP), advanced submenu (GSP=off,
  nomodeset, fail-safe), remove load-to-RAM entry
- Add pcmanfm, ristretto, mupdf, mousepad to desktop packages

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

audit/internal/platform/kill_workers.go

@@ -15,6 +15,10 @@ var workerPatterns = []string{
 	"stress-ng",
 	"stressapptest",
 	"memtester",
+	// DCGM diagnostic workers — nvvs is spawned by dcgmi diag and survives
+	// if dcgmi is killed mid-run, leaving the GPU occupied (DCGM_ST_IN_USE).
+	"nvvs",
+	"dcgmi",
 }
 
 // KilledProcess describes a process that was sent SIGKILL.

audit/internal/platform/platform_stress.go

@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ func (s *System) RunPlatformStress(
 			wg.Add(1)
 			go func() {
 				defer wg.Done()
-				gpuCmd := buildGPUStressCmd(loadCtx, vendor)
+				gpuCmd := buildGPUStressCmd(loadCtx, vendor, cycle.LoadSec)
 				if gpuCmd == nil {
 					return
 				}
@@ -392,6 +392,13 @@ func buildCPUStressCmd(ctx context.Context) (*exec.Cmd, error) {
 		cmdArgs = append(cmdArgs, "-M", strconv.Itoa(mb))
 	}
 	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, path, cmdArgs...)
+	cmd.SysProcAttr = &syscall.SysProcAttr{Setpgid: true}
+	cmd.Cancel = func() error {
+		if cmd.Process != nil {
+			_ = syscall.Kill(-cmd.Process.Pid, syscall.SIGKILL)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
 	cmd.Stdout = nil
 	cmd.Stderr = nil
 	if err := startLowPriorityCmd(cmd, 15); err != nil {
@@ -402,28 +409,28 @@ func buildCPUStressCmd(ctx context.Context) (*exec.Cmd, error) {
 
 // buildGPUStressCmd creates a GPU stress command appropriate for the detected vendor.
 // Returns nil if no GPU stress tool is available (CPU-only cycling still useful).
-func buildGPUStressCmd(ctx context.Context, vendor string) *exec.Cmd {
+func buildGPUStressCmd(ctx context.Context, vendor string, durSec int) *exec.Cmd {
 	switch strings.ToLower(vendor) {
 	case "amd":
-		return buildAMDGPUStressCmd(ctx)
+		return buildAMDGPUStressCmd(ctx, durSec)
 	case "nvidia":
-		return buildNvidiaGPUStressCmd(ctx)
+		return buildNvidiaGPUStressCmd(ctx, durSec)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
 
-func buildAMDGPUStressCmd(ctx context.Context) *exec.Cmd {
+func buildAMDGPUStressCmd(ctx context.Context, durSec int) *exec.Cmd {
 	rvsArgs, err := resolveRVSCommand()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil
 	}
 	rvsPath := rvsArgs[0]
-	cfg := `actions:
+	cfg := fmt.Sprintf(`actions:
 - name: gst_platform
   device: all
   module: gst
   parallel: true
-  duration: 86400000
+  duration: %d`, durSec*1000) + `
   copy_matrix: false
   target_stress: 90
   matrix_size_a: 8640
@@ -433,13 +440,20 @@ func buildAMDGPUStressCmd(ctx context.Context) *exec.Cmd {
 	cfgFile := "/tmp/bee-platform-gst.conf"
 	_ = os.WriteFile(cfgFile, []byte(cfg), 0644)
 	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, rvsPath, "-c", cfgFile)
+	cmd.SysProcAttr = &syscall.SysProcAttr{Setpgid: true}
+	cmd.Cancel = func() error {
+		if cmd.Process != nil {
+			_ = syscall.Kill(-cmd.Process.Pid, syscall.SIGKILL)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
 	cmd.Stdout = nil
 	cmd.Stderr = nil
 	_ = startLowPriorityCmd(cmd, 10)
 	return cmd
 }
 
-func buildNvidiaGPUStressCmd(ctx context.Context) *exec.Cmd {
+func buildNvidiaGPUStressCmd(ctx context.Context, durSec int) *exec.Cmd {
 	path, err := satLookPath("bee-gpu-burn")
 	if err != nil {
 		path, err = satLookPath("bee-gpu-stress")
@@ -447,7 +461,17 @@ func buildNvidiaGPUStressCmd(ctx context.Context) *exec.Cmd {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil
 	}
-	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, path, "--seconds", "86400")
+	// Pass exact duration so bee-gpu-burn exits on its own when the cycle ends.
+	// Process group kill via Setpgid+Cancel is kept as a safety net for cases
+	// where the context is cancelled early (user stop, parent timeout).
+	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, path, "--seconds", strconv.Itoa(durSec))
+	cmd.SysProcAttr = &syscall.SysProcAttr{Setpgid: true}
+	cmd.Cancel = func() error {
+		if cmd.Process != nil {
+			_ = syscall.Kill(-cmd.Process.Pid, syscall.SIGKILL)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
 	cmd.Stdout = nil
 	cmd.Stderr = nil
 	_ = startLowPriorityCmd(cmd, 10)

audit/internal/platform/runtime.go

@@ -173,6 +173,22 @@ func (s *System) collectGPURuntimeHealth(vendor string, health *schema.RuntimeHe
 
 	switch vendor {
 	case "nvidia":
+		if raw, err := os.ReadFile("/run/bee-nvidia-mode"); err == nil {
+			health.NvidiaGSPMode = strings.TrimSpace(string(raw))
+			if health.NvidiaGSPMode == "gsp-stuck" {
+				health.Issues = append(health.Issues, schema.RuntimeIssue{
+					Code:        "nvidia_gsp_stuck",
+					Severity:    "critical",
+					Description: "NVIDIA GSP firmware init timed out and the kernel module is stuck. Reboot and select 'GSP=off' in the boot menu.",
+				})
+			} else if health.NvidiaGSPMode == "gsp-off" {
+				health.Issues = append(health.Issues, schema.RuntimeIssue{
+					Code:        "nvidia_gsp_disabled",
+					Severity:    "warning",
+					Description: "NVIDIA GSP firmware disabled (fallback). Power management runs via CPU path — power draw readings may differ from reference hardware.",
+				})
+			}
+		}
 		health.DriverReady = strings.Contains(lsmodText, "nvidia ")
 		if !health.DriverReady {
 			health.Issues = append(health.Issues, schema.RuntimeIssue{

audit/internal/platform/sat.go

@@ -382,6 +382,13 @@ func (s *System) RunNvidiaTargetedStressValidatePack(ctx context.Context, baseDi
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", err
 	}
+	// Kill any lingering nvvs/dcgmi processes from a previous interrupted run
+	// before starting — otherwise dcgmi diag fails with DCGM_ST_IN_USE (-34).
+	if killed := KillTestWorkers(); len(killed) > 0 && logFunc != nil {
+		for _, p := range killed {
+			logFunc(fmt.Sprintf("pre-flight: killed stale worker pid=%d name=%s", p.PID, p.Name))
+		}
+	}
 	return runAcceptancePackCtx(ctx, baseDir, "gpu-nvidia-targeted-stress", []satJob{
 		{name: "01-nvidia-smi-q.log", cmd: []string{"nvidia-smi", "-q"}},
 		{

audit/internal/platform/services.go

@@ -61,7 +61,9 @@ func (s *System) ServiceState(name string) string {
 }
 
 func (s *System) ServiceDo(name string, action ServiceAction) (string, error) {
-	raw, err := exec.Command("systemctl", string(action), name).CombinedOutput()
+	// bee-web runs as the bee user; sudo is required to control system services.
+	// /etc/sudoers.d/bee grants bee NOPASSWD:ALL.
+	raw, err := exec.Command("sudo", "systemctl", string(action), name).CombinedOutput()
 	return string(raw), err
 }
 

audit/internal/schema/hardware.go

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ type RuntimeHealth struct {
 	ExportDir     string                 `json:"export_dir,omitempty"`
 	DriverReady   bool                   `json:"driver_ready,omitempty"`
 	CUDAReady     bool                   `json:"cuda_ready,omitempty"`
+	NvidiaGSPMode string                 `json:"nvidia_gsp_mode,omitempty"` // "gsp-on", "gsp-off", "gsp-stuck"
 	NetworkStatus string                 `json:"network_status,omitempty"`
 	Issues        []RuntimeIssue         `json:"issues,omitempty"`
 	Tools         []RuntimeToolStatus    `json:"tools,omitempty"`

audit/internal/webui/api.go

@@ -383,11 +383,13 @@ func (h *handler) handleAPIServicesAction(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request
 		return
 	}
 	result, err := h.opts.App.ServiceActionResult(req.Name, action)
+	status := "ok"
 	if err != nil {
-		writeError(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, err.Error())
+		status = "error"
-		return
 	}
-	writeJSON(w, map[string]string{"status": "ok", "output": result.Body})
+	// Always return 200 with output so the frontend can display the actual
+	// systemctl error message instead of a generic "exit status 1".
+	writeJSON(w, map[string]string{"status": status, "output": result.Body})
 }
 
 // ── Network ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

audit/internal/webui/pages.go

@@ -33,6 +33,9 @@ a{color:var(--accent);text-decoration:none}
 .sidebar-logo{padding:18px 16px 12px;font-size:18px;font-weight:700;color:#fff;letter-spacing:-.5px}
 .sidebar-logo span{color:rgba(255,255,255,.5);font-weight:400;font-size:12px;display:block;margin-top:2px}
 .sidebar-version{padding:0 16px 14px;font-size:11px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.45)}
+.sidebar-badge{margin:0 12px 12px;padding:5px 8px;border-radius:4px;font-size:11px;font-weight:600;text-align:center}
+.sidebar-badge-warn{background:#7a4f00;color:#f6c90e}
+.sidebar-badge-crit{background:#5c1a1a;color:#ff6b6b}
 .nav{flex:1}
 .nav-item{display:block;padding:10px 16px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.7);font-size:13px;border-left:3px solid transparent;transition:all .15s}
 .nav-item:hover{color:#fff;background:rgba(255,255,255,.08)}
@@ -107,6 +110,15 @@ func layoutNav(active string, buildLabel string) string {
 		buildLabel = "dev"
 	}
 	b.WriteString(`<div class="sidebar-version">Version ` + html.EscapeString(buildLabel) + `</div>`)
+	if raw, err := os.ReadFile("/run/bee-nvidia-mode"); err == nil {
+		gspMode := strings.TrimSpace(string(raw))
+		switch gspMode {
+		case "gsp-off":
+			b.WriteString(`<div class="sidebar-badge sidebar-badge-warn">NVIDIA GSP=off</div>`)
+		case "gsp-stuck":
+			b.WriteString(`<div class="sidebar-badge sidebar-badge-crit">NVIDIA GSP stuck — reboot</div>`)
+		}
+	}
 	b.WriteString(`<nav class="nav">`)
 	for _, item := range items {
 		cls := "nav-item"
@@ -2107,9 +2119,12 @@ func renderServicesInline() string {
 	return `<p style="font-size:13px;color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:10px">` + html.EscapeString(`bee-selfheal.timer is expected to be active; the oneshot bee-selfheal.service itself is not shown as a long-running service.`) + `</p>
 <div style="display:flex;justify-content:flex-end;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-bottom:8px"><button class="btn btn-sm btn-secondary" onclick="restartGPUDrivers()">Restart GPU Drivers</button><button class="btn btn-sm btn-secondary" onclick="loadServices()">&#8635; Refresh</button></div>
 <div id="svc-table"><p style="color:var(--muted);font-size:13px">Loading...</p></div>
-<div id="svc-out" style="display:none;margin-top:8px" class="card">
+<div id="svc-out" style="display:none;margin-top:12px">
-  <div class="card-head">Output</div>
+  <div style="display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;margin-bottom:4px">
-  <div class="card-body" style="padding:10px"><div id="svc-terminal" class="terminal" style="max-height:150px"></div></div>
+    <span id="svc-out-label" style="font-size:12px;font-weight:600;color:var(--muted)">Output</span>
+    <span id="svc-out-status" style="font-size:12px"></span>
+  </div>
+  <div id="svc-terminal" class="terminal" style="max-height:220px;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box"></div>
 </div>
 <script>
 function loadServices() {
@@ -2125,9 +2140,9 @@ function loadServices() {
         '<div id="'+id+'" style="display:none;margin-top:6px"><pre style="font-size:11px;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-all;max-height:200px;overflow-y:auto;background:#1b1c1d;padding:8px;border-radius:4px;color:#b5cea8">'+body+'</pre></div>' +
         '</td>' +
         '<td style="white-space:nowrap">' +
-        '<button class="btn btn-sm btn-secondary" onclick="svcAction(\''+s.name+'\',\'start\')">Start</button> ' +
+        '<button class="btn btn-sm btn-secondary" id="btn-'+s.name+'-start"   onclick="svcAction(this,\''+s.name+'\',\'start\')">Start</button> ' +
-        '<button class="btn btn-sm btn-secondary" onclick="svcAction(\''+s.name+'\',\'stop\')">Stop</button> ' +
+        '<button class="btn btn-sm btn-secondary" id="btn-'+s.name+'-stop"    onclick="svcAction(this,\''+s.name+'\',\'stop\')">Stop</button> ' +
-        '<button class="btn btn-sm btn-secondary" onclick="svcAction(\''+s.name+'\',\'restart\')">Restart</button>' +
+        '<button class="btn btn-sm btn-secondary" id="btn-'+s.name+'-restart" onclick="svcAction(this,\''+s.name+'\',\'restart\')">Restart</button>' +
         '</td></tr>';
     }).join('');
     document.getElementById('svc-table').innerHTML =
@@ -2138,16 +2153,45 @@ function toggleBody(id) {
   const el = document.getElementById(id);
   if (el) el.style.display = el.style.display==='none' ? 'block' : 'none';
 }
-function svcAction(name, action) {
+function svcAction(btn, name, action) {
+  var label = btn.textContent;
+  btn.disabled = true;
+  btn.textContent = '...';
+  var out = document.getElementById('svc-out');
+  var term = document.getElementById('svc-terminal');
+  var statusEl = document.getElementById('svc-out-status');
+  var labelEl = document.getElementById('svc-out-label');
+  out.style.display = 'block';
+  labelEl.textContent = action + ' ' + name;
+  term.textContent = 'Running...';
+  statusEl.textContent = '';
+  statusEl.style.color = '';
   fetch('/api/services/action',{method:'POST',headers:{'Content-Type':'application/json'},body:JSON.stringify({name,action})})
     .then(r=>r.json()).then(d => {
-      document.getElementById('svc-out').style.display='block';
+      term.textContent = d.output || d.error || '(no output)';
-      document.getElementById('svc-terminal').textContent = d.output || d.error || action+' '+name;
+      term.scrollTop = term.scrollHeight;
-      setTimeout(loadServices, 1000);
+      if (d.status === 'ok') {
+        statusEl.textContent = '✓ done';
+        statusEl.style.color = 'var(--ok-fg, #2c662d)';
+      } else {
+        statusEl.textContent = '✗ failed';
+        statusEl.style.color = 'var(--crit-fg, #9f3a38)';
+      }
+      btn.textContent = label;
+      btn.disabled = false;
+      setTimeout(loadServices, 800);
+    }).catch(e => {
+      term.textContent = 'Request failed: ' + e;
+      statusEl.textContent = '✗ error';
+      statusEl.style.color = 'var(--crit-fg, #9f3a38)';
+      btn.textContent = label;
+      btn.disabled = false;
     });
 }
 function restartGPUDrivers() {
-  svcAction('bee-nvidia', 'restart');
+  var btn = document.querySelector('[onclick*="restartGPUDrivers"]');
+  if (!btn) { svcAction({textContent:'',disabled:false}, 'bee-nvidia', 'restart'); return; }
+  svcAction(btn, 'bee-nvidia', 'restart');
 }
 loadServices();
 </script>`

iso/builder/config/bootloaders/grub-pc/grub.cfg

@@ -11,33 +11,25 @@ echo "  Hardware Audit LiveCD"
 echo ""
 
 menuentry "EASY-BEE" {
-    linux   @KERNEL_LIVE@ @APPEND_LIVE@ nomodeset bee.nvidia.mode=normal net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0 mitigations=off transparent_hugepage=always numa_balancing=disable nowatchdog nosoftlockup
+    linux   @KERNEL_LIVE@ @APPEND_LIVE@ bee.nvidia.mode=normal net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0 mitigations=off transparent_hugepage=always numa_balancing=disable nowatchdog nosoftlockup
     initrd  @INITRD_LIVE@
 }
 
-menuentry "EASY-BEE (graphics/KMS)" {
+submenu "EASY-BEE (advanced options) -->" {
-    linux   @KERNEL_LIVE@ @APPEND_LIVE@ bee.display=kms bee.nvidia.mode=normal net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0 mitigations=off transparent_hugepage=always numa_balancing=disable nowatchdog nosoftlockup
+    menuentry "EASY-BEE — GSP=off" {
-    initrd  @INITRD_LIVE@
+        linux   @KERNEL_LIVE@ @APPEND_LIVE@ bee.nvidia.mode=gsp-off net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0 mitigations=off transparent_hugepage=always numa_balancing=disable nowatchdog nosoftlockup
-}
+        initrd  @INITRD_LIVE@
+    }
 
-menuentry "EASY-BEE (load to RAM)" {
+    menuentry "EASY-BEE — nomodeset" {
-    linux   @KERNEL_LIVE@ @APPEND_LIVE@ toram nomodeset bee.nvidia.mode=normal net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0 mitigations=off transparent_hugepage=always numa_balancing=disable nowatchdog nosoftlockup
+        linux   @KERNEL_LIVE@ @APPEND_LIVE@ nomodeset bee.nvidia.mode=normal net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0 mitigations=off transparent_hugepage=always numa_balancing=disable nowatchdog nosoftlockup
-    initrd  @INITRD_LIVE@
+        initrd  @INITRD_LIVE@
-}
+    }
 
-menuentry "EASY-BEE (NVIDIA GSP=off)" {
+    menuentry "EASY-BEE — fail-safe" {
-    linux   @KERNEL_LIVE@ @APPEND_LIVE@ nomodeset bee.nvidia.mode=gsp-off net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0 mitigations=off transparent_hugepage=always numa_balancing=disable nowatchdog nosoftlockup
+        linux   @KERNEL_LIVE@ @APPEND_LIVE@ nomodeset bee.nvidia.mode=gsp-off noapic noapm nodma nomce nolapic nosmp vga=normal net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0
-    initrd  @INITRD_LIVE@
+        initrd  @INITRD_LIVE@
-}
+    }
-
-menuentry "EASY-BEE (graphics/KMS, GSP=off)" {
-    linux   @KERNEL_LIVE@ @APPEND_LIVE@ bee.display=kms bee.nvidia.mode=gsp-off net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0 mitigations=off transparent_hugepage=always numa_balancing=disable nowatchdog nosoftlockup
-    initrd  @INITRD_LIVE@
-}
-
-menuentry "EASY-BEE (fail-safe)" {
-    linux   @KERNEL_LIVE@ @APPEND_LIVE@ bee.nvidia.mode=gsp-off memtest noapic noapm nodma nomce nolapic nosmp vga=normal net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0
-    initrd  @INITRD_LIVE@
 }
 
 if [ "${grub_platform}" = "efi" ]; then

iso/builder/config/package-lists/bee.list.chroot

@@ -65,6 +65,10 @@ python3-pil
 xorg
 xterm
 chromium
+mousepad
+pcmanfm
+ristretto
+mupdf
 xserver-xorg-video-fbdev
 xserver-xorg-video-vesa
 lightdm

iso/overlay/usr/local/bin/bee-nvidia-load

@@ -50,11 +50,93 @@ load_module() {
         log "WARN: not found: $ko"
         return 1
     fi
-    if insmod "$ko" "$@"; then
+    if timeout 90 insmod "$ko" "$@"; then
         log "loaded: $mod $*"
         return 0
     fi
-    log "WARN: failed to load: $mod"
+    log "WARN: failed to load: $mod (exit $?)"
+    dmesg | tail -n 10 | sed 's/^/  dmesg: /' || true
+    return 1
+}
+
+nvidia_is_functional() {
+    grep -q ' nvidiactl$' /proc/devices 2>/dev/null
+}
+
+load_module_with_gsp_fallback() {
+    ko="$NVIDIA_KO_DIR/nvidia.ko"
+    if [ ! -f "$ko" ]; then
+        log "ERROR: not found: $ko"
+        return 1
+    fi
+
+    # Run insmod in background — on some converted SXM→PCIe cards GSP enters an
+    # infinite crash/reload loop and insmod never returns. We check for successful
+    # initialization by polling /proc/devices for nvidiactl instead of waiting for
+    # insmod to exit.
+    log "loading nvidia (GSP enabled, timeout 90s)"
+    insmod "$ko" &
+    _insmod_pid=$!
+
+    _waited=0
+    while [ $_waited -lt 90 ]; do
+        if nvidia_is_functional; then
+            log "loaded: nvidia (GSP enabled, ${_waited}s)"
+            echo "gsp-on" > /run/bee-nvidia-mode
+            return 0
+        fi
+        # Check if insmod exited with an error before timeout
+        if ! kill -0 "$_insmod_pid" 2>/dev/null; then
+            wait "$_insmod_pid"
+            _rc=$?
+            if [ $_rc -ne 0 ]; then
+                log "nvidia load failed (exit $_rc)"
+                dmesg | tail -n 10 | sed 's/^/  dmesg: /' || true
+                return 1
+            fi
+            # insmod exited 0 but nvidiactl not yet in /proc/devices — give it a moment
+            sleep 2
+            if nvidia_is_functional; then
+                log "loaded: nvidia (GSP enabled, ${_waited}s)"
+                return 0
+            fi
+            log "insmod exited 0 but nvidiactl missing — treating as failure"
+            return 1
+        fi
+        sleep 1
+        _waited=$((_waited + 1))
+    done
+
+    # GSP init timed out — kill the hanging insmod and attempt gsp-off fallback
+    log "nvidia GSP init timed out after 90s"
+    kill "$_insmod_pid" 2>/dev/null || true
+    wait "$_insmod_pid" 2>/dev/null || true
+
+    # Attempt to unload the partially-initialized module
+    if ! rmmod nvidia 2>/dev/null; then
+        # Module is stuck in the kernel — cannot reload with different params.
+        # User must reboot and select bee.nvidia.mode=gsp-off at boot menu.
+        log "ERROR: rmmod nvidia failed (EBUSY) — module stuck in kernel"
+        log "ERROR: reboot and select 'EASY-BEE (advanced) -> GSP=off' in boot menu"
+        echo "gsp-stuck" > /run/bee-nvidia-mode
+        return 1
+    fi
+
+    sleep 2
+    log "retrying with NVreg_EnableGpuFirmware=0"
+    log "WARNING: GSP disabled — power management will run via CPU path, not GPU firmware"
+
+    if insmod "$ko" NVreg_EnableGpuFirmware=0; then
+        if nvidia_is_functional; then
+            log "loaded: nvidia (GSP disabled)"
+            echo "gsp-off" > /run/bee-nvidia-mode
+            return 0
+        fi
+        log "insmod gsp-off exited 0 but nvidiactl missing"
+        return 1
+    fi
+
+    log "nvidia load failed (GSP=off)"
     dmesg | tail -n 10 | sed 's/^/  dmesg: /' || true
     return 1
 }
@@ -70,7 +152,7 @@ load_host_module() {
 
 case "$nvidia_mode" in
     normal|full)
-        if ! load_module nvidia; then
+        if ! load_module_with_gsp_fallback; then
             exit 1
         fi
         # nvidia-modeset on some server kernels needs ACPI video helper symbols